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THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN

Explore the complex landscape of male psychology at the 37th Annual Summer Institute on Substance Abuse and Mental Health. Delve into topics such as violence, fatherhood, and social norms impacting men. Gain insight into therapeutic approaches tailored to men's unique experiences and challenges.

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THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN

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  1. THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN The 37th Annual Summer Institute on Substance Abuse and Mental Health Newark, Delaware July 31 & August 1, 2008 Gary R. Brooks, PhD

  2. THE “CRISIS” OF MASCULINITY - THE DARK SIDE OF MASCULINITY • Violence • Rape and Sexual Assault • Sexual Harassment • Male Sexual Misconduct as Group Norm • Substance Abuse • High-Risk Behavior • Absent Fathering • Homelessness and Vagrancy • Inadequate Partnering

  3. CHALLENGES OF MODERN MASCULINITY • Post-War cultural shifts & Changes in the Workplace • Social Movements of the 1960s • The Women’s Movement

  4. THE MEN’S MOVEMENTS • MYTHOPOETIC & SPIRITUAL MEN’S MOVEMENTS • REACTIONARY MEN & MEN’S RIGHTS • SOCIAL CONSERVATIVES • PROFEMINIST MEN

  5. MEN’S STUDIES EPISTEMOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY • ESSENTIALISM • a) EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY • b) BRAIN WIRING • c) MOTHER NATURE • SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM & GENDER ROLE STRAIN PARADIGM

  6. THE TRADITIONAL MALE ROLE • DAVID & BRANNON (1976) • “NO SISSY STUFF” • “THE STURDY OAK” • “GIVE ‘EM HELL” • “THE BIG WHEEL

  7. THE MASCULINE MYSTIQUE – JIM O’NEIL • Restrictive emotionality • Health care problems • Obsession with achievement and success • Restricted sexual and affectionate behavior • Socialized concerns for power, competition and control • Homophobia

  8. “ELEMENTS OF THE MALE ROLE”DOYLE • Anti-feminine element • Success element • Aggressive element • Sexual element • Self-reliant element

  9. MAJOR THEMES IN MEN’S LIVES-BROOKS • Men and Their Work • Violence • Men with Women • Men With Men • Men and Fathering • Men and Their Health

  10. Winning Emotional control Risk-taking Violence Power over women Dominance . Playboy Self-Reliance Primacy of work Disdain for homosexuality Pursuit of Status CONFORMITY TO MALE NORMS INVENTORY - MAHALIK

  11. Avoidance of femininity Fear and hatred of homosexuality Extreme self-reliance Aggression Dominance Non-Relational Sexuality Restrictive Emotionality MALE ROLE NORMS INVENTORY - LEVANT

  12. GENDER ROLE STRAIN – IMPACT ON MEN’S LIVES • CORRUPTED BOYHOOD • MEN’S HEALTH • WORK • FATHERHOOD • REALTIONSHIPS WITH WOMEN • MALE FRIENDSHIPS & HOMOPHOBIA

  13. BOYS TO MEN -TRAUMATIC PROCESSES IN MALE SOCIALIZATION • Masculinity "rites of passage" (Gilmore, 1990) • Developmental research re male role latitude • “Loss of the relational” (Real, 1997) • “Normative Alexithymia” (Levant, 2005) • Male “emotional funnel system” (Long, 1987) • Male “empathy deficits” (Lisak, 2005)

  14. WHY TRADITIONAL MEN HATE COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY • Stereotypes of Psychotherapy • Social Construction of Masculinity • Political Power and Triangulations • The Way Therapists have Treated Men

  15. “REAL MEN” - HIDE PRIVATE EXPERIENCE MAINTAIN CONTROL EXHIBIT EMOTIONAL STOICISM PRESENT SELF AS INVINCIBLE TAKE ACTION AVOID RELATIONSHIP CONFLICT KNOW WHAT TO DO SEXUALIZE INTIMACY “IDEAL” THERAPY CLIENTS - SELF-DISCLOSE RELINQUISH CONTROL EXPRESS FEELINGS EXPERIENCE VULNERABILITY INTROSPECT CONFRONT RELATIONSHIP ISSUES ADMIT IGNORANCE AND FAILURE MANAGE NON-SEXUAL INTIMACY MALE SOCIALIZATION AND PSYCHOTHERAPY

  16. MALE-FRIENDLY PSYCHOTHERAPY • INFORMED BY IN-DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF MEN’S LIVES • ATTUNED TO POWER AND POLITICAL ISSUES • BROAD IN INTERVENTION MODALITIES • POSITIVE AND ENHANCING • TRANSTHEORETICAL • SENSITIVE TO DIVERSITIES AMONG MEN • DEMANDING OF THERAPIST SELF-AWARENESS

  17. BROADENING PARADIGMS FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS WITH MEN & BOYS • INTERVENTIONS OUTSIDE THE OFFICE • INTERVENTIONS FOR MALES “ON THE THRESHOLD” • INTERVENTIONS FOR MALES INSIDE THE OFFICE

  18. OUTSIDE THE OFFICE • PRIMARY PREVENTION FOR BOYS & MALE ADOLESCENTS • VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAMS • PORNOGRAPHY, HEALTHY SEXUALITY, AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE AWARENESS • COMPETENCE & RESILIENCE

  19. OUTSIDE THE OFFICE • PRIMARY PREVENTION FOR MEN • MEN’S MOVEMENT ACTIVITIES • PSYCHOEDUCATION & PUBLIC AWARENESS • SITE-SPECIFIC CONSULTATIVE INTERVENTIONS • HEALTH CARE SETTINGS • BUSINESS & INDUSTRY • SPORTS & ATHLETIC SETTINGS • CHURCHES & RELIGIOUS SETTINGS • MILITARY & VA SETTINGS • REHABILITATION SETTINGS • PRISONS AND FORENSIC SETINGS

  20. MEN ON THE THRESHOLD OF THE THERAPY OFFICE • MALE-SPECIFIC DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT • MASCULINITY INVENTORIES • “MANHOOD” INTERVIEW • MOTIVATIONAL ASSESSMENT • “STAGE OF CHANGE” ISSUES • SOCIAL CONTEXT ANALYSIS • MOTIVATION MATRIX

  21. DEVELOPING THE THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE • THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE (BORDIN, 1994) • AGREEMENT ON GOALS • AGREEMENT ON TASKS • THERPEUTIC BOND & EMOTIONAL CONNECTION • EMPIRICALLY-VALIDATED TREATMENTS VERSUS THE THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE • THE M.A.S.T.E.R.Y MODEL

  22. THE M.A.S.T.E.R.Y MODEL • “M” – Monitor Personal Reactions to Troubled Men • “A” - Assume Men are in Pain • “S” - See Men’s Problems in Gender Context • “T” – Transmit Empathy and Compassion • “E” – Empower Men to Change • “R&Y” - Respect Men’s Readiness to Change and Yield Somewhat to System Pressures

  23. WITHIN THE THERAPY OFFICEPSYCHODYNAMIC & OBJECT RELATIONS APPROACHES • DEVELOMENTAL TRAUMA AND CUT-OFF OF EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCES • TRAUMATIC ABROGATION OF THE HOLDING ENVIRONMENT (POLLACK) • PROBLEMATIC MASCULINE-SPECIFIC SELF-STRUCTURES (Rabinowitz & Cochran) • RE-CREATION OF DISRUPTED ‘HOLDING ENVIRONMENT” • FOCUS ON ISSUES OF LOSS AND GRIEF • RESPECT NEED FOR ‘DEFENSIVE AUTONOMY”

  24. WITHIN THE THERAPY OFFICECOGNITIVE THERAPY (Mahalik, 2005) • SPECIAL ADVANTAGES FOR MEN • NOT ABOUT “FEELINGS’ • NON-BLAMING • RAPID EFFECTS • CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING RE GENDER MANDATES • PROCESS – • ADDRESS UNREALISTIC MASCULINITY SCHEMAS • POINT OUT DESTRUCTIVE SELF-TALK

  25. WITHIN THE THERAPY OFFICEBEHAVIOR THERAPY • ADVANTAGES • TASK-FOCUSED • INSTRUMENTAL • MINIMAL DEMANDS FOR EMOTIONAL INSIGHT AND EXPRESSION • FACE VALIDITY • VARIANTS • ASSERTIVENESS TRAINING • ANGER MANAGEMENT TRAINING • EMOTIONAL SKILLS TRAINING • SELF CONTROL

  26. WITHIN THE THERAPY OFFICE -INTERPERSONAL THERAPY • ADVANTAGES • SHORT-TERM • PROBLEM-FOCUSED • ADRESSES RELATIONAL SHORTCOMINGS • BROADENS RELATIONAL REPERTOIRE

  27. WITHIN THE THERAPY OFFICE -HUMANISTIC, EXPERIENTIAL, EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOTHERAPY • CORRECT EXAGGERATED SENSE OF “CONDITIONAL WORTH” (KILMARTIN, 2007) • “DEEPENING” PSYCHOTEHRAPY THROUGH BODY-WORK AND GESTALT EXPERIETIAL EXERCISES (Rabinowitz & Cochran, 2002) • RECOGNITION OF MORTALITY AND IMPLICATIONS OF MALE ROLE CHOICES

  28. WITHIN THE THERAPY OFFICE – INTERVENTIONS FOR BOYS AND MALE ADOLESCENTS (KISELICA & ENGLAR-CARLSON, & HORNE, 2008) • DELIVERY OF SERVICES IN INFORMAL SETTINGS • CREATE A “WELCOMING SPACE” • FLEXIBILITY AND ADPATABILITY RE TIMES AND APPOINMENTS • HUMOR AND FUN • APPROPRIATE SELF-DISCLOSURE • ALL-MALE GROUPS

  29. THE ALL-MALE THERAPY GROUP • Men's Groups as Familiar Terrain – Confronting the Male chorus • Countering Men's Emotional Isolation from Other Men (“Altruism”) • Decentralizing Women in Men’s Lives • Enhancing Communication Skills • Discovering Emotional Interconnections (“universality”) • Instilling Hope and Initiating Mutual Empowerment

  30. TRADITIONAL MEN AND MARRIAGE (HISTORICAL, DEVELOPMENTAL, POLITICAL, AND GENDER SOCIALIZATION PERSPECTIVES ON MEN’S RELATIONSHIPS WITH WOMEN) • Male Early Development- Psychoanalytic Perspectives • Restrictive Early Socialization and Hypermasculinity • Adolescence and Sexuality • Misogyny in Patriarchal Culture • The Institution of Marriage • Men's Traditional Expectations of Marriage • The “Civilizing” Value of Marriage • Marital Services • Career and Symbolic Benefits • Emotional Benefits • Physical Benefits

  31. GENDER-SENSITIVE FAMILY THERAPY FOR MALES (BROOKS, 1992, 1998) • Concerted efforts to include a reluctant male family member • Help for males to articulate their perspectives • Overcome preoccupation with career goals and neglect of relational goals for males • Encouraging males to recognize vulnerabilities and prioritize self-care • Empowering male family members in nurturing and caretaking • Promoting connection and emotional intimacy among male family members • Encouraging role latitude for sons • Promoting new fatherhood roles • Conducting family of origin work to explore masculine family heritage.

  32. DIVERSITY AMONG MEN - COMMON ISSUES FOR MEN OF COLOR • IMPACT OF RACISM AND OPPRESSION • UNEMPLOYMENT • LIFE EXPECTANCY • INCARCERATION • SUBSTANCE ABUSE • DISTRUST OF MENTAL HEALTH ESTABLISHMENT (“HEALTHY PARANOIA”) • UNDERUTILIZATION OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES • RACIAL AND CULTURAL IDENTITY ISSUES • ETHNOCENTRIC MONOCULTURALISM

  33. MULTICULTURAL COMPETENCE(SUE & SUE, 2008) • AWARENESS • KNOWLEDGE • SKILLS

  34. THERAPEUTIC “SKILL” ISSUES • LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION • HUMOR & TEASING • MALE FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT • SELF-DISCLOSURE & ADVICE GIVING • MOTIVATIONAL ENHANCMENT • COPING WITH DEFENSIVENESS • USING TRIANGULATION • UTILIZATION OF THERAPIST GENDER

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