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The Philippine Report

The Philippine Report. Gazelle Gonzales Arambulo Project Assistant, Trade Union Congress of the Philippines. Effects of Globalization. On Employment

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The Philippine Report

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  1. The Philippine Report Gazelle Gonzales Arambulo Project Assistant, Trade Union Congress of the Philippines

  2. Effects of Globalization • On Employment • Employment rose in April 2007 by 3.1 percent with 1.007 million new employed workers, increasing the total employment in the country to 33.706 million from 32.699 million in April 2006 (DOLE)

  3. Effects of Globalization: On Employment • Contributing sectors: agriculture, fishery and construction, private household with employed persons, real estate, renting and business activities, transport, storage and communications, and other community, social and personal service activities

  4. Effects of Globalization: On Employment • Despite the reported improvements, considerable difficulties continue • local enterprises find the competition stiff and downsize operations or close down • quality of employment has deteriorated, with new employment concentrated in contractual terms, home-based work, and informal arrangements, where wages and working conditions are less remunerative and where unions and collective bargaining do not exist

  5. Effects of Globalization: On Employment • As part of the “streamlining”, regular workers have been replaced by contractual workers. • Women workers have been further disadvantaged in and outside the economic zones. • TUCP survey indicates that 20% of the firms practice gender-based discrimination such as placing pregnant women on forced leave without pay, terminating women after giving birth, giving of lower wages to women and sexual harassment.

  6. Effects of Globalization: On Employment • Occupational safety and health issues, have been relegated to the background. • TUCP’s survey specifies that 96% of the companies violate safety and health standards; 65% have complaints of noise; 43% have no safety committees; and 25% do not provide safety equipment

  7. Effects of Globalization: On Youth Unemployment • Unemployment remained persistently high in 2001-2003, averaging 11.3 percent but improved from 2003-2005 with an average of 9.3 percent. • Decent employment opportunities remain scarce for those who live in the urban areas, for the youth who are unskilled and inexperienced, and for those whose education do not match the industry needs.

  8. Effects of Globalization: On Organized and Unorganized Sectors • Union membership has gone down through retrenchment and plant closings, but have started to stabilize. The percentage of workforce covered will continue to decrease, as employment grows faster than unionization of workers. • Global pressures, and the profit motive, sanctions labor-only contracting and similar schemes – seeking to deny job security and minimum labor standards to workers.

  9. Problems Faced by Young Workers • Almost half of all unemployed workers in the Philippines belong to the 15-24 years bracket, while 21% of all employed workers are young. • There are almost 16 million Filipinos who are in the youth sector, of whom 8.2 million are in the labor force, 6.1 million are in school and 1.7 million are neither in the labor force nor in school.

  10. Problems Faced by Young Workers • General skepticism among young workers over finding a job is significant (44%). • Workers have problems relating to contractualization (18% in garment factories, 10% in others), maltreatment by supervisors (30%), and non-remittance of Social Security System contributions (27%), among others. • Changing moral standards among the young are reflected in the relatively high proportion of sexually active male (30%) and the incidence of reproductive health problems mostly among women (24%).

  11. ILO’s International Labour Standards • Ratified Conventions: • The Philippines has ratified Convention numbers 29 (Forced Labor)[in 2005], 87 (Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize), 98 (Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining), 100 (Equal Remuneration), 105 (Abolition of Forced Labor), 11 (Discrimination (employment & occupation)), 138 (Minimum Age) and 182 (Worst Forms of Child Labour). And all are satisfactorily being implemented

  12. On Labor Standards • Necessary laws and regulations to implement the core standards have been enacted, and they are applicable in all workplaces, including economic zones. • Enforcement of these laws and regulations leave much to be desired. Violations, including in union organization and collective bargaining, are usual. In organizing, intimidation, harassment, coercion, dismissals have been the norm.

  13. OVERALL TUCPAGENDA • Build a social movement • Expand and strengthen organizations • Improve conditions of work and life of workers and their families

  14. 1. Membership expansion 2. Issue-based alliance and coalition-building with other TUs and various labor support organizations; 3. Dialogues/trialogues with government and employers 4. Participation in tripartite policy-making bodies 5. Advocacy and networking 6. Social mobilization and other public event activities 7. Research 8. Media Advocacy STRATEGIES UNDERTAKEN

  15. 1.Organizing Program in Economic Zones; Public Sector; Call Centers 2.Anti-Sweatshops Campaign 3.Workplace Reproductive Health/HIV/AIDS Program 4.Anti-child labor program 5.Women and Youth leadership programs 6.Research & Publications 7.Civic education programs 8.Coalition-building for effective policy advocacy campaign 9.Cooperatives and other membership programs TUCP CURRENT PROGRAM INITIATIVES:

  16. RATIONALE OF PROGRAM INITIATIVES Unions, as the largest organizations in society, should lead societal changes; Workers interests and demands must be considered and balanced with the legitimate demands and interests of other sectors; Working closely with government and employers and implementing activities together improve the chances for consensus building and successful advancement of labor’s and social agenda

  17. Achievements

  18. On membership expansion / strengthening EPZ/other private sector workers: Total no. of workplaces organized = 135, through direct organizing work in the EPZs; To date TUCP and affiliates, account for 65 % of total unions established in the zones Public Sector Workers: 20 newly organized unions; 9,849 members

  19. Trade union groups Informal sector groups Disadvantaged Women Groups Anti-Child labor advocates Migrant Workers Groups Legal Advocacy Groups Multi-sectoral groups Key government agencies/local government units On Alliance/coalition-building with trade union groups; various labor support organizations: Successfully forged partnership/collaboration with trade unions and other non-traditional labor support organizations:

  20. On efforts to provide workers a voice in government policy-making bodies: TUCP officials appointed as labor representatives in 25 tripartite bodies, including SSS, NWPC, OWWA, PEZA, TESDA, NAPC, NCRFW, TIPC, PNAC, PCSD, PCP, WTO/AFTA/APEC Advisory Commission

  21. On efforts to promote Core Labor Standards/Rule of Law: 1. Formal Labor TUCP labor law reforms presented to/adopted by • TIPC’s draft of Labor Code Amendments • Congressional Labor Committee’s draft of Labor Code Amendments • NLRC Manual of Rules and Procedure • DOLE DO#9 on Labor Relations • President GMArroyo revoking of DO#10 on Labor-Only Contracting • 11TH CONGRESS RE: Public Sector Unionism bill • 11TH CONGRESS RE: Civil Service Code Amendments • 11th CONGRESS/DOLE/NWPC RE: Productivity Incentives bill

  22. On efforts to promote Core Labor Standards/Rule of Law: 2. Informal Sector: • Alternative dispute resolution system for home workers • Campaign for specialized agency to handle cases • Social protection/insurance (accreditation as collectors of premium payments in PhilHealth) • Access to credits

  23. On efforts to promote Core Labor Standards/Rule of Law: 3. Migrant Labor: • Development of a consolidated service & information guide {Defining roles/functions; joint action}, which were adopted by migrant labor focused agencies; • Release of additional funds (P30 million) for legal assistance to OFWs; • Review of IRR to include OFWs with labor-related cases, maltreatment and gender-related cases as beneficiaries of the Fund; continued…

  24. On efforts to promote Core Labor Standards/Rule of Law: 3. Migrant Labor: • Memo of Undertaking with OLAMWA/DFA for more comprehensive and publicly disseminated reports on the use of legal assistance funds; • Issuance of an NLRC-wide memorandum directing Labor Arbiters to comply with the “no extension policy” on the submission of case documents; • proposed amendments to RA 8042 to: • strengthen the provision on “joint and solidarity liability” of employer and recruitment agency; • scrap the “deregulation” or phase out provision; • strengthen the provision on “selective deployment”

  25. On efforts to promote Core Labor Standards/Rule of Law: 4. Women Workers: • Domestic Violence and other forms of abuse of women • Improved enforcement/compliance with laws on Anti Sexual Harassment/Job Discrimination • Gender integration in the rules, procedures and approaches of the judiciary/other law enforcement agencies.

  26. On efforts to promote Core Labor Standards/Rule of Law: 5. Across Sectors • Adoption of UNIFORM performance evaluation schemes for quasi-judicial, special courts and administrative bodies involved in the administration/delivery of justice [NLRC /DOLE and attached agencies] • Implementation of Trial Court Performance Monitoring System (TCPS) for RTCs and MTCs; [4 RTCs; 3 MTCs] • Adoption/integration in the Supreme Court’s ACTION PROGRAM FOR JUDICIAL REFORMS - 2000-2006 TUCP’s/Partners’ recommendation re: full adoption/implementation of TCPS

  27. On Use of Information Technology • Since 2002 • E-groups • Organizers are required to submit reports through egroup/email. • TUCP website (www.tucp.org.ph) • Distance education program through chat sessions • Information Technology Trainings

  28. Thank you!

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