1 / 18

The Philippine War

The Philippine War. 1899-1902. 1899: Conventional Operations. U.S. Commander: Elwell S. Otis 8 th Corps starts Luzon campaign Feb. 4-5. (suspends in May). November, main Filipino army routed, Luzon and other main islands occupied. Army Civic Programs. Sponsored programs that improved:

leah-parker
Download Presentation

The Philippine War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Philippine War 1899-1902

  2. 1899: Conventional Operations • U.S. Commander: Elwell S. Otis • 8th Corps starts Luzon campaign Feb. 4-5. (suspends in May). • November, main Filipino army routed, Luzon and other main islands occupied.

  3. Army Civic Programs • Sponsored programs that improved: • Transportation • Communications • Education • Public Health

  4. 1900-1902:Insurgency becomes a guerrilla war • Filipino opposition: • Becomes decentralized. • War devolves into numerous small conflicts that encompass local factors. • Larger political goals of resistance: • Possible Democratic victory in U.S. elections of 1900. • Foreign intervention.

  5. Guerrilla warfare • Military tactics: • Ambushes, hit-and-run operations. • Dispersal in face of superior force. • Sniping; sabotage; setting traps. • Political tactics: • Terror • Shadow governments

  6. U.S. manpower issues • Volunteers in Philippines eligible for discharge when Treaty of Paris ratified. • March 1899: Congressional act keeps regular army at 65,000 men, allows president to call up 35,000 more volunteers.

  7. Ongoing problems,new commander • Commander, May 1900 - July 1901: Arthur MacArthur • Will take harsher stance with guerrillas while continuing civic programs.

  8. MacArthur’s policies • Neutralization of guerilla leaders. • Hunting down insurgent bands. • Invoked General Orders No. 100. • Supported Filipino Federal party.

  9. Rebel Setbacks • November 1900: McKinley wins re-election. • Fall 1900 – Spring 1901: MacArthur implements tougher policies.

  10. March 1901:Emilio Aguinaldo captured • Arrested in surprise raid by Filipino scouts.

  11. More U.S. manpower issues • More men needed to cope with insurgency. • Competing need: Boxer Rebellion. • Volunteer enlistments to expire July 1901.

  12. Solutions • February 1901: Congress increases size of Regular Army to 100,000. • Filipinos recruited to assist U.S. Army: • Scouts: 5,400 by June 1901 • police: 6,000 by June 1901 • Philippine Constabulary (created by civil government): 3,000 by January 1902.

  13. The Last Pacification Campaigns: July 1901 – spring 1902 • U.S. commander: Adna R. Chaffee • Areas of continuing resistance: • Batangas province on Luzon • Island of Samar

  14. Balangiga Massacre • Sept. 28, 1901: A U.S. infantry company in a village on Samar surprised by armed men. • Of 78 soldiers, most killed or missing. • Sparks brutal response.

  15. General Jacob H. Smith orders retaliation, destruction on Samar

  16. J. Franklin Bell pacifies Batangas • Troops chase insurgents. • Destroy crops, livestock. • Move population into camps.

  17. Concerns about atrocities

More Related