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Portuguese People

Portuguese People . Diet and Health of the . Raquel Blamires DV Nutrition 3420 2/7/2011. Presentation Overview . Location and Culture of Portugal . Dietary Practices and Staple Foods. Dietary Analysis Results. Holiday Feasts. Therapeutic Food and Health Concerns. Counseling .

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Portuguese People

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  1. PortuguesePeople Diet and Health of the Raquel Blamires DV Nutrition 3420 2/7/2011

  2. Presentation Overview Location and Culture of Portugal Dietary Practices and Staple Foods Dietary Analysis Results Holiday Feasts Therapeutic Food and Health Concerns Counseling

  3. Geographical Location Located in Southwestern Europe Bordered by Spain and the North Atlantic Ocean 92,090 sq. km About the size of Indiana Capitol: Lisbon 18 Districts 2 Autonomous Regions World Facts, 2010, CIA, 2010 http://europa.eu/abc/maps/members/port_en.htm

  4. Portuguese People Portugal is a member of the European Union • Population: 10,735,765 • Life Expectancy: Age 78 • Religion World Facts, 2010, CIA, 2010

  5. Portuguese Culture • High Context Culture • Close family unity • Care for sick family members in the home • Grown children often stay close to home • Men tend to dominate the family • Elderly highly respected • Rich in traditional folk dances • Circle Dance • Fandango • Two-Step Waltz http://industry.macautourism.gov.mo/image/pressroom/11836934930.jpg Kittler, 2008, Vieira, 2008

  6. Lets Watch a Short Video HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=ZKTAONZNMKQ

  7. Dietary Practices Milk Products: Cheese, and Milk Meat: beef, goat, lamb, pork, rabbit Poultry: Chicken, duck, goose, pigeon, turkey Fish: anchovies, bream, cod, haddock, halibut, salmon, sardines, trout, tuna, turbot, whiting, octopus, squid Shellfish: barnacles, clams, conch, crab, lobster, scallops, shrimp Kittler, 2008

  8. Dietary Practices Legumes: chickpeas, fava and kidney beans, lentils, lupine seeds Cereals/Grains: Cornmeal, rice, wheat bread and wheat pastas Fruits: apples, apricots, bananas, cherries, citron, dates, figs, grapefruit, grapes, lemons, peaches, pears, pineapples, plums, pomegranates, quinces, oranges, raisins, tangerines Vegetables: artichokes, asparagus, broccoli, cabbage, cardoon, cauliflower, celery, chicory, cucumber, eggplant, green beans, lettuce, kale, mushrooms, olives, peas, peppers (green and red), potatoes, tomatoes, turnips, zucchini Kittler, 2008

  9. Additional Foods Seasonings: basil, bay leaves, cayenne pepper, cinnamon, chocolate (white), cilantro, cinnamon, cloves, cumin, dill , fennel, garlic, lemon juice, marjoram, mint, nutmeg, onion, oregano, parsley, rosemary, saffron, sage, tarragon, thyme, vinegar Nuts/Seeds: almonds, hazelnuts, pine nuts, walnuts, lupine seeds Beverages: coffee, liquors, flavored sodas, tea, wine Fats/Oils: butter, lard, olive oil, vegetable oil Sweeteners: honey, sugar Kittler, 2008

  10. Desserts • Fruit • Sweet Bread (Pan Doce) • Puddings • Custards • Sponge Cakes • Pastries • Angel Puffs (Papas-de-anjo) • Nun’s Waddles (Gargantas de friera) Kittler, 2008

  11. Staple Foods Fish dominates the Portuguese diet -The Portuguese are said to have as many recipes for bacalhau (dried salt cod) as there are days in the year. -Sardines are often grilled in a vegetable sauce -Shellfish like clams are often used in soups and stews - Weekly farmers markets sell fresh fish in almost every city Fish: anchovies, bream, cod, haddock, halibut, salmon, sardines, trout, tuna, turbot, whiting, octopus, squid Kittler, 2008, Howe, 2003

  12. Staple Foods Fresh Fruits and Vegetables -Portugal climate allows for the growth of fresh fruit and vegetables all year round, varying by season. - Weekly farmers markets sell fresh fruit and vegetables in almost every city. Fruits: apples, apricots, bananas, cherries, citron, dates, figs, grapefruit, grapes, lemons, peaches, pears, pineapples, plums, pomegranates, quinces, oranges, raisins, tangerines Vegetables: artichokes, asparagus, broccoli, cabbage, cardoon, cauliflower, celery, chicory, cucumber, eggplant, green beans, lettuce, kale, mushrooms, olives, peas, peppers (green and red), potatoes, tomatoes, turnips, zucchini Kittler, 2008, Howe, 2003

  13. Farmers Market in Sintra, Portugal http://westricksbackyard.blogspot.com/

  14. Staple Foods Soups and Stews -Caldo Verde Soup: green broth made from cabbage, potatoes, and sausage. -Cacoila Stew: pig hearts and liver, beans, potatoes -Acorda Dry Soup: bread moistened with oil or vinegar topped with chicken, shellfish, and or vegetables. http://www.foodandwineportugal.com/2010/06/prawn-acorda-main-course-recipe/ Kittler, 2008

  15. Staple Foods Wine -Famous for its rich sweet wines. -Produced in the north and on the islands. -Popular with dessert or as after dinner drinks -Can be consumed young or aged for 40+ years -White wine variations include: Alvarinho, Loureiro, Arinto, Encruzado, Bical, Fernão Pires, Moscatel and Malvasia Fina -Red wine variations include: Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Baga, Castelão, Touriga Franca and Trincadeira. Kittler, 2008, Portugal Web, 2010

  16. Food of the Portuguese Islands Island food includes more topical ingredients imported from the Americas and Africa Madeira Common Foods: avocados, cherimoya, guava, mango, papaya, honey cakes, and corn. Azores and Cape Verde Common Foods: Bananas, corn, passion fruit, pineapples, and yams. Beef is the preferred meat. Seafood includes: cockles, crabs, lobster, octopus. Little fat or oil is added to dishes and spicing is mild. Tea is preferred beverage. Kittler, 2008

  17. Let’s Eat! Caldo Verde Cornbread Aletria

  18. Meal Composition and Cycle Breakfast: 8:00 a.m. Very small Morning Coffee Break: 10 a.m. Coffee served with hot milk Lunch: 1:00 p.m. Largest meal of the day. Main businesses close from 1-3 p.m. Midafternoon Snack: 4:00 p.m. Dinner: 8:00 p.m. Large meal Kittler, 2008, Howe, 2003

  19. Diet Analysis Male Age: 25 Height: 5’7” Weight 155lbs. Active Diet Analysis, 2009

  20. Diet Analysis Breakfast: 8oz. Espresso Coffee, 1 White Roll with 1T. Jam Morning Coffee Break: 6oz. Espresso Coffee, 6oz. 1% Milk Lunch: 4oz. Dried Salt Cod 1 C. Green Beans, 12oz. Fruit Flavored Soda, Fruit Salad Dessert (Grapes, Banana, Orange, Figs) Midafternoon Snack: 1 Slice Portuguese Sweet Bread, ½ C. Almonds, 2 Bottled Water (500 ml) Dinner: 1 Sourdough Soup Bowl, 2 C. Acorda (Carrots, Celery, Onion, Prawns, White Wine, Olive Oil, Butter), 6oz. Red Wine Diet Analysis, 2009

  21. Diet Analysis Results *Results are based on a 2970 calorie pattern. Diet Analysis, 2009

  22. Diet Analysis Results CHO, PRO, FAT *Calorie Intake was 107% of the DRI 3170 of 2970 Calories Diet Analysis, 2009

  23. Diet Analysis Results Fat and Cholesterol *Cholesterol intake was 227 mg Diet Analysis, 2009

  24. Diet Analysis Results Vitamins and Minerals All water and fat soluble vitamins met the DRI. All minerals, except Zinc, met the DRI. Niacin and Sodium Exceeded the UL. Diet Analysis, 2009

  25. Diet Analysis Results Vitamins and Minerals 734% 257% Zinc Reached Upper Limits Diet Analysis, 2009

  26. Sources of Nutrients Fruit Salad: Vitamin C, Potassium, Carbs 734% Cod: B Vitamins, Vitamin D, Calcium, Zinc, Potassium, Sodium Exceeded Upper Limits 257% Acorda Soup: Vitamin A, Folate, Iron, Sodium, Fat, Carbs Almonds: Vitamin E, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Fat Diet Analysis, 2009

  27. Holiday Feasts • Christmas Eve: Dinner + Post-Midnight Meal • Dinner often includes: • Casserole of dried salt cod with potatoes • Meringue cookies • Mass buffet during the early hours of Christmas morning. • Mostly finger foods such as • Fried cod puffs • Sausages Kittler, 2008

  28. Holiday Feasts • Holy Spirit Festival: • Scheduled after Easter, before end of July • Held at the local church • Everyone donates food that is later served at a free community banquet. • Traditional feast foods include: • Holy Ghost Soup: meat, bread, potatoes • Sweet Bread (Massa Sovoda) shaped like doves Kittler, 2008

  29. Holiday Feasts • Easter • People fast from meats for a 3 week period before Easter. • Feast on Easter • Lamb • Rice and Vegetables • Desserts • Sliced potatoes baked Kittler, 2008

  30. Therapeutic Uses of Food In rural Areas of Portugal people collect medicinal plants for home remedies. http://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/2724/1/Brasil%20Medicinal%20plants%20Past%20and%20present.pdf Portugal has socialized medicine. As a population, they are using less medicinal plants and leaning more towards the medical model. Kittler, 2008, Frazeo, 2007

  31. Current Health Concerns • Hypertension • 42% of the Portuguese adult population, ages 18-90 years, have hypertension. • Only 46% of those who had hypertension were aware and taking measures to treat it. Conclusions: Our results indicate that hypertension is highly prevalent in Portugal. The percentages of those with hypertension that are aware, treated and controlled are unacceptably low. These results underscore the urgent need to develop national strategies to improve prevention, detection and treatment of hypertension in Portugal. Macedo, 2005

  32. Current Health Concerns Type 2 Diabetes -Increasing significantly throughout the past decade -Many cases being found in bigger cities, such as Lisbon Obesity -Obesity rates increased 5% over 5 year period -Most cases found in low socioeconomic level groups and low-education level groups Well-defined public health interventions must be developed to help promote awareness and prevention Do Carmo, 2008, Macedo, 2003

  33. Low Health Concern Deaths due to coronary heart disease, for men, as a percentage of total male deaths, by country Portuguese have a low rate of coronary heat disease in comparison to other European countries. EMHF, 2009

  34. Counseling • Conversational style is warm and expressive • Embrace with a hug and a kiss • Sit and stand closer to each other than Americans • Seek medical advice from family and friends before health professionals • Some woman may demonstrate a high level of modesty and resist discussing personal topics. • High rate of illiteracy must be taken into consideration when preparing educational materials Kittler, 2008, Vieira, 2008

  35. Summary • Portuguese diet is highly nutritious containing a variety of seafood and fresh fruits and vegetables. • Portuguese enjoy celebrating holidays with feasts of traditional foods • Medicinal plants are being used less as the medical model becomes their dominate form of healthcare. • Presently they experience a high incidence of hypertension. Diabetes and Obesity are potential health concerns. • The Portuguese have a high context culture and health providers should be aware of their cultural norms when counseling them.

  36. References: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), (2010). The Worldfact book: Europe: Portugal. Available: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html Diet Analysis Plus 9.0 Online, 9th Edition (2009). Belmont: Wadsworth. Do Carmo, I. I., dos Santos, O. O., Camolas, J. J., Vieira, J. J., Carreira, M. M., Medina, L. L., & ... Teles, A. A. (2008). Overweight and obesity in Portugal: national prevalence in 2003–2005. Obesity Reviews, 9(1), 11-19. Europeans Men Health Forum (EMHF) (2009). A report on the state of men’s health across 17 European countries. Available at: http://www.emhf.org/resource_images/Part_04.pdf FRAZÃO-MOREIRA, a., CARVALHO, a. m. & MARTINS, m. e. (2007). "Knowledge about plants en la nueva ruralidad. Cambio social y agro ecología en el. Montesinho Natural Park (Portugal) ". Periféria Magazine: number 7. Available at: http://www.periferia.name Howe, M. (2003). Iberian Peninsula: Portugal. In S. H. Katz (Ed.)Encyclopedia of Food and Culture, (Vol. 2). (pp. 229-233) New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Kittler, P.G. & Sucher, K. P. (2008). Food and Culture (5th Ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. Macedo, A. A., Jorge, Z. Z., Lacerda Nobre, E. E., Pratas, S. S., & Jácome de Castro, J. J. (2003). Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in Portugal, 1995-1999:cohort of young men. Diabetic Medicine, 20(5), 418-419. Macedo ME, L. M. (2005). Prevalance, awarness, treatment and control of hypertension in Portugal: the PAP study. Pub Med PMID, 1661-1666. Portugal Web. (2010). Portuguese Wine. In About Portugal Web. Available: http://www.portugalweb.com/portuguese-wine.html Vieira, R., & Trindade, J. (2008). Migration, Culture and Identity in Portugal. Language & Intercultural Communication, 8(1), 36-49. World Facts, (2010). Portugal Facts. Available: http://worldfacts.us/Portugal.htm

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