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This article explores the Montgomery Bus Boycotts as a political and social protest against segregation policies on public buses in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955. It also discusses key figures like Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and organizations such as the Black Panthers and CORE. Additionally, it covers significant events like the March on Washington and the integration of schools through Brown v. Board of Education.
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Objective 11.02 Trace Major Events of the Civil Rights Movement and evaluate its Impact
Montgomery Bus Boycotts • Was a political and social protest started in 1955 against the segregation policies on public buses in Montgomery Alabama
Rosa Parks • Made famous for refusing to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery Ala. In 1955
Martin Luther King Jr. • Leader of the Civil Rights Movement, Non-Violent Civil Resistance, assassinated in 1968 by James Earl Ray
Malcolm X • Follower of Elijah Mohammad, militant leader of Civil Rights Movement, “By Any Means Necessary”, assassinated by Muslim followers in 1965
Black Panthers • African American organization founded to promote Civil Rights and Self Defense by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in California
Black Power Movement • Movement in the 1960’s and 1970’s that emphasized racial pride, political involvement, and unity
Stokley Carmichael • Leader of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, later became dissatisfied with the movement and joined the Black Panthers
CORE • Congress of Racial Equality- open to anyone that believes that all people are created equal and are willing to work toward that goal
SNCC • Political organization of college students during the Civil Rights Movement, Freedom Rides, Freedom Summer, Sit-ins
March on Washington • Political Rally in 1963 for Civil Rights, Martin Luther King delivered his “Dream” speech at the rally.
James Meredith • In 1962 became the first black student at the University of Mississippi
Little Rock Nine • Nine African American students that enrolled at Little Rock High School in 1957
George Wallace • Four Term Governor of Alabama from 1962-1986, Ran for President 4 times, Stood against integrating the University of Alabama in 1963
Brown v. Board of Ed. • Overturned the ruling in Plessey v. Ferguson, declared that separate was not equal.
Thurgood Marshall • Lead Attorney for the NAACP in the Brown v. Board case, became the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court
Earl Warren • Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the Civil Rights Movement, Chief Justice during the Brown v. Board Case
24th Amendment • Eliminated the Poll Tax and other discriminatory voting laws
Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Outlawed segregation in schools and public places
Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Outlawed literacy tests as a way to deny the right to vote