History of Research Project on CCA-Treated Wood Presented May 6, 2002 Gainesville, Florida

1. History of Research Project on CCA-Treated WoodPresented May 6, 2002Gainesville, Florida

2. Funding Received from Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Mngt. Florida Power and Light Sarasota County Florida Department of Environmental Protection Florida International University/National Institute for Environmental Health Science

3. Active Faculty Researchers Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E., Assoc. Prof., Civil/Environ. Engrg Timothy Townsend, Ph.D. Assoc. Prof., Environ/Solid Waste Engrg Yong Cai, Ph.D. Assist. Prof., Chemistry

4. Students Supported on Project • Sean Bennie • Kenneth Brown • Vandin Calitu • Brajesh Dubey • Tim Franklin • Kelvin Gary • Myron Georgiadis • Naila Hosein • Kendiro Iida • Gary Jacobi • Jenna Jambeck • Bernine Khan • Monika Kormienko • Brian Messick • Tom Moskal • Jennifer Penha • Donna May Sakura • Catalina Santamaria • Ajay Seth • Jin-Kun Song • Kristin Stook • Thabet Tolaymat • Lakmini Wadanambi

5. Background • CCA-Treated Wood is the most common wood preservative used today (>80% market) • CCA ---> Chromated Copper Arsenate

6. Background 20,000 mg/kg As Saltwater Immersion Pole/Pilings Structural Poles Saltwater Splash Above Ground 2,000 mg/kg As pcf = pounds of CCA per cubic foot of wood

7. Background • CCA ---> Chromated Copper ArsenateThe treated wood contains very high concentrations of Cr, Cu, and As • As toxic, known carcinogen • Soil background levels for arsenic in Florida are low • Strict disposal guidelines

8. Why Was this Project Initiated? • High metals concentrations were observed in the ash from wood cogeneration facilities located in Florida

9. Year 1 (1996-1997)

10. 35 No Change in CCA Use 30 25 20 If 100% Alt. Chem. Million ft3, disposed Sold by 2002 15 10 5 0 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032 2036 2040 2044 Today Hypothetical Case Year Year 1: Disposal Forecast

11. Land Application CCA-WoodRemoved from Service C&D Debris Recycling Facilities Wood Fuel Facility Ash Processed Wood (6% CCA in 1996) MSW Landfill C&D Landfill

12. Year 2 (1997-1998)

13. Year 2 • Leaching Studies, ash • Hazardous when CCA-treated wood represents 5% of wood burned • Solvents can extract metals from ash, citric acid very promising (40 to 100% As removed) ------> Explore Potential Recycling? Develop Tools for Disposal End Management

14. Year 2 (continued) Untreated Treated • Sorting Studies, Laboratory • Chemical stains, low capital costlabor intensive • X-ray methods, high capital costsuitable for on-line system

15. Year 3 (1998-1999)

16. Year 3 • Disposal-End Management • Field Demonstration of Sorting Technologies Stains suitable for sorting small quantities of wood • Evaluation of Pyrolysis Technology Appears promising for ultimate disposal • Resource book for Wood Disposal Sector

17. Year 3 (Continued) • Alternative Chemicals • Four Promising Alternative Chemicals for CCA: ACQ, CBA, CC, CDDC • All standardized for applications requiring 0.25 & 0.4 pcf Comparable to CCA: efficacy • Leach less As but generally more Cu • Cost 10 to 30% more at retail establishment

18. Ash Problem Inventory Sorting Lab Ash Char & Trt Sorting Field Alt. Chem. Lit Review Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

19. The Research Team Was Invited to the Minnesota Proceedings • Minnesota’s Listed Metals Advisory Council[Cd, Pb, Hg, and Cr(VI)] • Speciation Debated • In-Service Issues Debated • Lack of Scientific Data

20. Year 3 Supplemental • Impacts of CCA on Soil during In-Service Use • Use Sectors for CCA-Treated Wood • Leaching of CCA-treated Wood and C&D Debris Wood Mulch • Literature Reviews, Alt. Chem.Cr & As Speciation Deck Study Use Sectors Minnesota Leaching Wood & Mulch Lit Reviews Alt Chem, As, Cr Spec

21. Leaching of CCA During In-Service Use Year 3 Supplemental

22. Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood During In-Service Use Year 3 Supplemental

23. FDEP Industrial SCTL Not CCA-Treated Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood During In-Service Use Chemicals Do Leach from CCA-treated Wood During In-Service Use

24. Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood During In-Service Use Approximately 39 square miles of Florida land covered by CCA-treated decks. Top 8 inches of this area would correspond to 60 million tons of soil.

25. Use Sectors for CCA-Treated Wood Year 3 Supplemental

26. Use Sectors for CCA-Treated Wood Year 3 Supplemental

27. 28,600 tons of As, Cumulative 1600 tons As imported per year In-service losses (10%): 2900 tons Disposed to date: 1600 tons Future disposal (for that imported through 2000): 24,100 tons Year 3 Supplemental

28. Leaching of CCA-treated Wood and C&D Debris Wood Mulch Year 3 Supplemental

29. TCLP Limit Leaching of CCA-Treated Wood

31. Leaching of Mulch Year 3 Supplemental

32. Sorting Field FDEP/Sarasota Innovative Recycling Grant Ash Problem Inventory Sorting Lab Ash Char & Trt Deck Study Sorting Field Alt. Chem. Lit Review Use Sectors Minnesota Leaching Wood & Mulch Lit Review Alt Chem, As, Cr Spec

33. Innovative Recycling Grant laser x-ray

34. Strobe Light On -Positive Output signal for detection of treated wood

35. Ash Problem FIU/NIEHS On-going Inventory Add’l Deck & Dock Sorting Lab Ash Char & Trt Deck Study Sorting Field Alt. Chem. Lit Review Use Sectors Minnesota Sorting Field Leaching Wood & Mulch Lit Review Alt Chem, As, Cr Spec FDEP/Sarasota Innovative Recycling Grant Completed Alt Chem Leach/Tox As & Cr Spec Mulch Study Under Review On-going Proposed

36. Ash Problem FIU/NIEHS On-going Inventory Add’l Deck & Dock Sorting Lab Ash Char & Trt Deck Study Sorting Field Alt. Chem. Lit Review Use Sectors Minnesota Sorting Field Leaching Wood & Mulch Lit Review Alt Chem, As, Cr Spec FDEP/Sarasota Innovative Recycling Grant Completed Alt Chem Leach/Tox As & Cr Spec Mulch Study Under Review On-going Proposed

37. Questions?Comments?Reports available atwww.ccaresearch.org