Customersexploiters come from all over the world. Legalized or ...

1. Cheri Fleming, Governor Julie Mairs, Chair Soroptimists STOP Trafficking 2008-2010 October 13, 2008 Slide will change after 30 seconds 1 ..

2. �It is the mission of Camino Real Region to bring together women from all walks of life and to enable them, through the development of their leadership skills, to truly make a difference in their communities and throughout the world.����� 2

3. Organizing theory of our opposition to trafficking and the enslavement of women and girls in this country and world-wide. �Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.� US Constitution: Amendment XIII � Slavery Abolished (1865) 3

4. Someone�s daughter is on the Road, as traffic, against her will 4 Children Trafficked and Exploited These daughters include American Girls and women. The World Health Organization reports that 150 million girls experienced forced sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual violence in 2002.[1] Each year, more than two million children are exploited in the global commercial sex trade, many of them trapped in prostitution.[2] According to the International Labour Office, eight million children are trapped in the worst forms of child labor, which include slavery, trafficking, debt bondage, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict, prostitution, pornography and illicit activities.[3] [1]World Health Organization. 2006. Global Estimates of Health Consequences Due to Violence against Children. Background Paper to the UN Secretary-General�s Study on Violence against Children. Available at http://www.violencestudy.org/IMG/pdf/English.pdf [2] Trafficking in Persons Report. 2008. U.S. Department of State. Available at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/105501.pdf. [3] Intnernational Labour Office. 2002. A Future Without Child Labour.� Available at http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/DECLARATIONWEB.DOWNLOAD_BLOB?Var_DocumentID=1566 8/08Children Trafficked and Exploited These daughters include American Girls and women. The World Health Organization reports that 150 million girls experienced forced sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual violence in 2002.[1] Each year, more than two million children are exploited in the global commercial sex trade, many of them trapped in prostitution.[2] According to the International Labour Office, eight million children are trapped in the worst forms of child labor, which include slavery, trafficking, debt bondage, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict, prostitution, pornography and illicit activities.[3]

5. Someone�s daughter is on the Road, as traffic, against her will Young women used in forced labor and prostitution face routine violence from employers, pimps and customers; Most of these daughters will not ever be able to return home out of shame or because of the stain on their families honor� even if they sold her. 5 Children Trafficked and Exploited The World Health Organization reports that 150 million girls experienced forced sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual violence in 2002.[1] Each year, more than two million children are exploited in the global commercial sex trade, many of them trapped in prostitution.[2] According to the International Labour Office, eight million children are trapped in the worst forms of child labor, which include slavery, trafficking, debt bondage, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict, prostitution, pornography and illicit activities.[3] [1]World Health Organization. 2006. Global Estimates of Health Consequences Due to Violence against Children. Background Paper to the UN Secretary-General�s Study on Violence against Children. Available at http://www.violencestudy.org/IMG/pdf/English.pdf [2] Trafficking in Persons Report. 2008. U.S. Department of State. Available at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/105501.pdf. [3] Intnernational Labour Office. 2002. A Future Without Child Labour.� Available at http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/DECLARATIONWEB.DOWNLOAD_BLOB?Var_DocumentID=1566 8/08Children Trafficked and Exploited The World Health Organization reports that 150 million girls experienced forced sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual violence in 2002.[1] Each year, more than two million children are exploited in the global commercial sex trade, many of them trapped in prostitution.[2] According to the International Labour Office, eight million children are trapped in the worst forms of child labor, which include slavery, trafficking, debt bondage, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict, prostitution, pornography and illicit activities.[3]

6. Someone�s daughter is on the Road, as traffic, against her will Every 60 seconds a woman is trafficked somewhere in the world Every 10 to 30 minutes someone is trafficked into the USA, or about 18,000 to 52,00 persons a year 6 - The United States is one of the top three destination countries to which people are trafficked into modern-day slavery. Source: UN Office on Drugs and Crime, May 2003 - Approximately 800,000 to 900,000 persons are trafficked across international borders annually and an estimated 18,000 to 20,000 persons are trafficked annually into the United States. This does not include internal trafficking. Source: U.S. Department of State, 2003 Trafficking in Persons Report - Over 200,000 youth are victims of commercial sexual exploitation (including trafficking) within the United States. Source: Richard J. Estes and Neil Alan Weiner, The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the United States, Canada and Mexico, September 2001 - Since January 2001, the U.S. Department of Justice has charged, convicted, or secured sentences for 92 human traffickers in 21 cases. Source: U.S. Department of Justice, February 2003 - Since October 2000, the Office of Refugee Resettlement has issued a total of 423 certification or eligibility letters to victims of trafficking, including minors. Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Refugee Resettlement, July 2003 As of June 2003, the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services granted about 370 continued presence requests and approved 172 T visa applications (13 denied; 283 pending).Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Assessment of U.S. Activities to Combat Trafficking in Persons, August 2003 A human trafficking awareness poster from the Canadian Department of Justice. In the western world, Canada in particular has a major problem with modern-day sexual slavery. In a 2006 report the Future Group, a Canadian humanitarian organization dedicated to combatting human trafficking and the child sex trade, ranked eight industrialized nations and gave Canada an F for its "abysmal" record treating victims. The report, titled "Falling Short of the Mark: An International Study on the Treatment of Human Trafficking Victims", concluded that Canada "is an international embarrassment" when it comes to combating this form of slavery.[58] http://www.floridafreedom.org/facts.php- The United States is one of the top three destination countries to which people are trafficked into modern-day slavery. Source: UN Office on Drugs and Crime, May 2003 - Approximately 800,000 to 900,000 persons are trafficked across international borders annually and an estimated 18,000 to 20,000 persons are trafficked annually into the United States. This does not include internal trafficking. Source: U.S. Department of State, 2003 Trafficking in Persons Report - Over 200,000 youth are victims of commercial sexual exploitation (including trafficking) within the United States. Source: Richard J. Estes and Neil Alan Weiner, The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the United States, Canada and Mexico, September 2001 - Since January 2001, the U.S. Department of Justice has charged, convicted, or secured sentences for 92 human traffickers in 21 cases. Source: U.S. Department of Justice, February 2003 - Since October 2000, the Office of Refugee Resettlement has issued a total of 423 certification or eligibility letters to victims of trafficking, including minors. Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Refugee Resettlement, July 2003 As of June 2003, the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services granted about 370 continued presence requests and approved 172 T visa applications (13 denied; 283 pending).Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Assessment of U.S. Activities to Combat Trafficking in Persons, August 2003 A human trafficking awareness poster from the Canadian Department of Justice. In the western world, Canada in particular has a major problem with modern-day sexual slavery. In a 2006 report the Future Group, a Canadian humanitarian organization dedicated to combatting human trafficking and the child sex trade, ranked eight industrialized nations and gave Canada an F for its "abysmal" record treating victims. The report, titled "Falling Short of the Mark: An International Study on the Treatment of Human Trafficking Victims", concluded that Canada "is an international embarrassment" when it comes to combating this form of slavery.[58] http://www.floridafreedom.org/facts.php

7. Someone's daughter is on the Road, as traffic, against her will Young women used in forced labor and prostitution face a wide range of diseases and adverse effects like: HIV-AIDS and other sexually-transmitted diseases, Early and forced marriage, tuberculosis, rape and unwanted pregnancies leading to abortions, beatings, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicide, and death by murder. 7 Untreated sexually transmitted infections may lead to serious consequences for long-term health. One such implication, pelvic inflammatory disease, may result in "infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and an increased risk of hysterectomy."10 Research by Brian M. Willis and Barry Levy reveals that of the millions of women and girls forced into prostitution each year, approximately 45% are infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV).11 The National Cancer Institute has confirmed that HPV infection causes cervical cancer.12 Prostituted girls are left more susceptible to developing the disease since cervical cancer is associated with a high number of sexual partners and with young age at first intercourse.13 It is common for sex trafficking to result in pregnancy, a situation that frequently leads to forced abortions, according to a 2003 European Union study on the health consequences of human trafficking. Trafficked women are particularly vulnerable to post-abortion risks, such as incomplete abortion, sepsis (infections of the bloodstream), hemorrhaging, and intra-abdominal injury. These complications reportedly account for most maternal deaths.14 The study also found that many women exploited for commercial sex are given insufficient time to recuperate, thereby increasing the risk of post-abortion infection.15 The Christian Medical and Dental Association points out that these abortions are probably carried out by unqualified individuals with little regard to sanitation, resulting in infection, mutilation, or infertility.16Untreated sexually transmitted infections may lead to serious consequences for long-term health. One such implication, pelvic inflammatory disease, may result in "infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and an increased risk of hysterectomy."10 Research by Brian M. Willis and Barry Levy reveals that of the millions of women and girls forced into prostitution each year, approximately 45% are infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV).11 The National Cancer Institute has confirmed that HPV infection causes cervical cancer.12 Prostituted girls are left more susceptible to developing the disease since cervical cancer is associated with a high number of sexual partners and with young age at first intercourse.13 It is common for sex trafficking to result in pregnancy, a situation that frequently leads to forced abortions, according to a 2003 European Union study on the health consequences of human trafficking. Trafficked women are particularly vulnerable to post-abortion risks, such as incomplete abortion, sepsis (infections of the bloodstream), hemorrhaging, and intra-abdominal injury. These complications reportedly account for most maternal deaths.14 The study also found that many women exploited for commercial sex are given insufficient time to recuperate, thereby increasing the risk of post-abortion infection.15 The Christian Medical and Dental Association points out that these abortions are probably carried out by unqualified individuals with little regard to sanitation, resulting in infection, mutilation, or infertility.16

8. Someone�s child is on a Road, as traffic, against her will The little brick-maker� consent is irrelevant 8 Children Trafficked and Exploited According to the International Labour Office, eight million children are trapped in the worst forms of child labor, which include slavery, trafficking, debt bondage, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict, prostitution, pornography and illicit activities.[3]  [3] Intnernational Labour Office. 2002. A Future Without Child Labour.� Available at http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/DECLARATIONWEB.DOWNLOAD_BLOB?Var_DocumentID=1566 8/08Children Trafficked and Exploited According to the International Labour Office, eight million children are trapped in the worst forms of child labor, which include slavery, trafficking, debt bondage, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict, prostitution, pornography and illicit activities.[3]

9.  HUMAN TRAFFICKING 9

10. HUMAN TRAFFICKING Human trafficking is currently tied with arms dealing as the second largest criminal industry in the world, right after drug dealing which is the largest criminal industry in the world. 10

11.  HUMAN TRAFFICKING Human trafficking is is the fastest growing criminal enterprise delivering 15,000 to 50,000 persons for sale into the USA each year. 80 percent of human trafficking cases in California occur in Los Angeles, San Diego, or San Francisco. 11 UC Berkley, Human Rights Center, 2005 UC Berkley, Human Rights Center, 2005

12. Where does the �Traffic� come from? Traffic Map 12 Countries where �democrary� is in a crude or non-existent form. Light men like dark women. Dark men like light women.Countries where �democrary� is in a crude or non-existent form. Light men like dark women. Dark men like light women.

13. Where does the �Traffic� go to? 13 USA � destinations are Los Angeles, San Framcisco, Chicago, Las Vegas, New York, and Miami Minority women are trafficked to majority nations.USA � destinations are Los Angeles, San Framcisco, Chicago, Las Vegas, New York, and Miami Minority women are trafficked to majority nations.

14. 14 Most Common Victim is female. Most common goal is commercial sex as a prostitute or dancer/stripper. Most Common Victim is female. Most common goal is commercial sex as a prostitute or dancer/stripper.

15. HUMAN TRAFFICKINGDefined - USA Trafficking in Persons is : �The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery." - United States 15

16.  HUMAN TRAFFICKINGSlavery 16

17. HUMAN TRAFFICKINGSlavery Today Defined Slavery today is similar to forms of slavery that have existed for centuries in that these characteristics are found: Control through violence or threat of violence Exploitation for profit Loss of free will 17 Source: http://www.freedomcenter.org/slavery-today/Source: http://www.freedomcenter.org/slavery-today/

18. HUMAN TRAFFICKINGSlavery Today � Life is Cheap Modern forms of slavery however, are much different in several important ways: No longer a need for legal ownership People caught up in slavery today can be purchased and sold for as little as $100 (compared to 10 times that much in the 1850s). As a result, people become "disposable;" i.e., easily replaceable. Slavery cuts across nationality, race, ethnicity, gender, age, class, education-level, and other demographic features. 18 Source: http://www.freedomcenter.org/slavery-today/Source: http://www.freedomcenter.org/slavery-today/

19. HUMAN TRAFFICKINGSlave Labor - USA Contemporary slavery/human trafficking remains a reality for many victims in the United States, where both American citizens and foreign nationals are trafficked into and within the United States for forced labor. Hearing-impaired Mexican men, women and children were forced to peddle items on the streets of New York to earn money for their traffickers; 19 Source: http://www.freedomcenter.org/slavery-today/ Source: http://www.freedomcenter.org/slavery-today/

20. HUMAN TRAFFICKINGSlave Labor - USA South Asian women forced to work in a textile factory without pay and with constant physical and sexual violence against them; Young American girls forced to prostitute themselves on the streets of Los Angeles (and dozens of other cities) while under constant physical and sexual violence from pimps and those purchasing the sex; 20 Source: http://www.freedomcenter.org/slavery-today/Source: http://www.freedomcenter.org/slavery-today/

21. HUMAN TRAFFICKINGSlave Labor USA 21

22. Girls Exploited, Trafficked and Enslaved 22

23. The US Department of State estimates that each year, more than two million children, mostly girls, are exploited in the global commercial sex trafficking trade, many of them trapped in prostitution..[1] 23 [1] Trafficking in Persons Report. 2008. U.S. Department of State. Available at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/105501.pdf. The data on this problem is varied and not very reliable because reporting is spotty and the problem is well hidden. Why are most of the calls to the federal traffciking hotline from TEXAS?[1] Trafficking in Persons Report. 2008. U.S. Department of State. Available at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/105501.pdf. The data on this problem is varied and not very reliable because reporting is spotty and the problem is well hidden. Why are most of the calls to the federal traffciking hotline from TEXAS?

24. Girls Exploited, Trafficked and Enslaved Child Sex Tourism engages tourists, mostly men, in sex trafficking by purposely traveling to known sex destinations, seeking anonymity in pornography or prostitution, or engaging in pederasty with young children and homosexuality with young and older adults. 24 Pope Benedict XVI warned the Bishops of Sri Lanka in May 2005: "No effort must be spared to encourage civil authorities and the international community to fight child abuse and assure young people the necessary legal protection." http://www.renewamerica.us/columns/kralis/060722 The myth is that intercourse with virgins cures HIV/AIDS is still alive and well. Pope Benedict XVI warned the Bishops of Sri Lanka in May 2005: "No effort must be spared to encourage civil authorities and the international community to fight child abuse and assure young people the necessary legal protection." http://www.renewamerica.us/columns/kralis/060722 The myth is that intercourse with virgins cures HIV/AIDS is still alive and well.

25. HUMAN TRAFFICKINGSlavery � Victims� 25 Children Trafficked and Exploited According to the International Labour Office, eight million children are trapped in the worst forms of child labor, which include slavery, trafficking, debt bondage, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict, prostitution, pornography and illicit activities.[3]  [3] Intnernational Labour Office. 2002. A Future Without Child Labour.� Available at http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/DECLARATIONWEB.DOWNLOAD_BLOB?Var_DocumentID=1566 8/08Children Trafficked and Exploited According to the International Labour Office, eight million children are trapped in the worst forms of child labor, which include slavery, trafficking, debt bondage, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict, prostitution, pornography and illicit activities.[3]

26. Victims� Adolescent GirlsCustomers/exploiters come from all over the world. The PROTECT Act makes it illegal for an American to sexually abuse a minor in another country.  Perpetrators can receive up to 30 years in jail. 26 Someone�s sons. Legalized or tolerated prostitution is a magnet for sex trafficking. The U.S. Government considers prostitution to be "inherently demeaning and dehumanizing," and opposes efforts to legalize it.Someone�s sons. Legalized or tolerated prostitution is a magnet for sex trafficking. The U.S. Government considers prostitution to be "inherently demeaning and dehumanizing," and opposes efforts to legalize it.

27. Victims� Women and girls, hidden in the shadows and out in the open for all to see The U.S. Department of State estimates between 600,000 and 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders each year. Millions more are enslaved within national borders. 27 Human trafficking is truly a world-wide phenomenon � with revenue at about $55B a year. Human trafficking is truly a world-wide phenomenon � with revenue at about $55B a year.

28. Victims� Mother This desperate mother traveled from her village in Nepal to Mumbai, India, to find and rescue her teenage daughter who was trafficked into an Indian brothel. Nepalese girls are prized for their fair skin and are lured with promises of a "good" job and the chance to improve their lives. "I will stay in Mumbai, until I find my daughter or die. I am not leaving here without her." 28 Another victim of the terror of trafficking.Another victim of the terror of trafficking.

29. Victims� Girl Child Street kids, runaways, or children living in poverty can fall under the control of traffickers who force them into begging rings. Victims of organized begging rings are often beaten or injured if they don't bring in enough money. They are also vulnerable to sexual abuse. Children are sometimes intentionally disfigured to attract more money from passersby. 29 Street vending � poorly regulated.Street vending � poorly regulated.

30. Victims� Defenseless Young girls are prized in the carpet industry for their small, fast fingers. Defenseless, they do what they're told, toiling in cramped, dark, airless village huts from sunrise until well into the night. 30 Rug manufacturing in third world countries � no regulation. Do we really want hand-made rugs?Rug manufacturing in third world countries � no regulation. Do we really want hand-made rugs?

31. Corruption� The Root Cause of Exploitation, Trafficking and Slavery 31 It is not the victim or her characteristics that drive trafficking. She may be vulnerable but she is not the cause. Even her vulnerability is suspicious for corruption � some people excluded from education, opportunity, ownership and treated like objects � are disposable.It is not the victim or her characteristics that drive trafficking. She may be vulnerable but she is not the cause. Even her vulnerability is suspicious for corruption � some people excluded from education, opportunity, ownership and treated like objects � are disposable.

32. Corruption� Defined Is behavior in any organized, inter-dependent system in which part or all of the system is either: not performing duties it was originally intended to, or is performing them in an improper way, to the detriment of the system's original purpose. This behavior has connotations of evil, malignance, sickness, and loss of innocence or purity. 32 [[

33. Corruption� Effects Threatens security and damages trust in systems which affect people�s daily lives. Is a particular concern for the world�s police and judicial systems, as corruption in one country can compromise an entire international investigation. Does not itself produce poverty, but does have a direct and immediate impact on economic growth and good governance, which in turn raises poverty levels 33 Jeffery Sachs, End of PovertyJeffery Sachs, End of Poverty

34. Corruption� Makes crime safe for criminals Is a manifestation of public and private institutional weakness, poor ethical standards, skewed incentives and insufficient enforcement. Terrorists, traffickers and other organized criminals rely on the complicity of corrupt public and private leaders to carry out their illegal activities. 34 Us Department of JusticeUs Department of Justice

35. Political/Public Corruption� Defined The dysfunction of a political system or public institution in which government officials, political officials or employees seek illegitimate personal gain through actions such as bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, patronage, graft, and embezzlement. Reflects the impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principles�and inducements to do wrong by improper or unlawful means. 35 [[

36. Political/Public Corruption� Effects Access to politics and political will are: organized with limited transparency, limited competition and directed towards promoting narrow interests that impose barriers to equity, mobility and basic freedoms. 36

37. Public and Private Corruption� Makes crime safe for criminals Fuels trans-national crime like: Human trafficking, Forced and coerced labor Slavery, and Sex trafficking and prostitution. 37

38. Political and Private Corruption� Makes sex trafficking and prostitution possible Prostitution, legal or not, is inherently harmful and dehumanizing, and fuels trafficking in persons, a form of modern-day slavery. Few activities are as brutal and damaging to people as prostitution. 38 1] Farley, Melissa et al. 2003. "Prostitution and Trafficking in Nine Countries: An Update on Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Journal of Trauma Practice, Vol. 2, No. 3/4: 33-74; and Farley, Melissa. ed. 2003. Prostitution, Trafficking, and Traumatic Stress. Haworth Press, New York. [back to paragraph][2] Farley, et al. [back to paragraph][3] Ramsay, R. et. al. 1993. "Psychiatric morbidity in survivors of organized state violence including torture." British Journal of Psychiatry. 162:55-59. [back to paragraph][4] Raymond, J. et al. 2002. A Comparative Study of Women Trafficked in the Migration Process. Ford Foundation, New York. [back to paragraph][5] Swedish Ministry of Industry, Employment, and Communications. 2004. Fact Sheet: Prostitution and Trafficking in Women.� http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/01/87/74/6bc6c972.pdf�� [back to paragraph][6] Ekberg, G.S. 2001. "Prostitution and Trafficking: The Legal Situation in Sweden". Paper presented at Journ�es de formation sur la mondialisation de la prostitution et du traffic sexuel. Association qu�b�coise des organismes de coop�ration internationale. Montr�al, Quebec, Canada. [back to paragraph][7] Malarek, Victor. The Natashas: Inside the New Global Sex Trade. Arcade Publishing, New York, 2004. [back to paragraph][8] Hughes, Donna M. 2002. Foreign Government Complicity in Human Trafficking: A Review of the State Department�s 2002 Trafficking in Persons Report. Testimony before the U.S. House Committee on International Relations. Washington, DC, June 19, 2002. [back to paragraph] 1] Farley, Melissa et al. 2003. "Prostitution and Trafficking in Nine Countries: An Update on Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Journal of Trauma Practice, Vol. 2, No. 3/4: 33-74; and Farley, Melissa. ed. 2003. Prostitution, Trafficking, and Traumatic Stress. Haworth Press, New York. [back to paragraph][2] Farley, et al. [back to paragraph][3] Ramsay, R. et. al. 1993. "Psychiatric morbidity in survivors of organized state violence including torture." British Journal of Psychiatry. 162:55-59. [back to paragraph][4] Raymond, J. et al. 2002. A Comparative Study of Women Trafficked in the Migration Process. Ford Foundation, New York. [back to paragraph][5] Swedish Ministry of Industry, Employment, and Communications. 2004. Fact Sheet: Prostitution and Trafficking in Women.� http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/01/87/74/6bc6c972.pdf�� [back to paragraph][6] Ekberg, G.S. 2001. "Prostitution and Trafficking: The Legal Situation in Sweden". Paper presented at Journ�es de formation sur la mondialisation de la prostitution et du traffic sexuel. Association qu�b�coise des organismes de coop�ration internationale. Montr�al, Quebec, Canada. [back to paragraph][7] Malarek, Victor. The Natashas: Inside the New Global Sex Trade. Arcade Publishing, New York, 2004. [back to paragraph][8] Hughes, Donna M. 2002. Foreign Government Complicity in Human Trafficking: A Review of the State Department�s 2002 Trafficking in Persons Report. Testimony before the U.S. House Committee on International Relations. Washington, DC, June 19, 2002. [back to paragraph]

39. Political and Private Corruption� Makes sex trafficking and prostitution possible Legalized prostitution expands the market for: commercial sex, opening markets for criminal enterprises, and creating a safe haven for criminals who traffic people into prostitution. 39 [4] Raymond, J. et al. 2002. A Comparative Study of Women Trafficked in the Migration Process. Ford Foundation, New York. [back to paragraph] [5] Swedish Ministry of Industry, Employment, and Communications. 2004. Fact Sheet: Prostitution and Trafficking in women.� http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/01/87/74/6bc6c972.pdf�� [back to paragraph] [6] Ekberg, G.S. 2001. "Prostitution and Trafficking: The Legal Situation in Sweden". Paper presented at Journ�es de formation sur la mondialisation de la prostitution et du traffic sexuel. Association qu�b�coise des organismes de coop�ration internationale. Montr�al, Quebec, Canada. [back to paragraph The Swedish Government has found that much of the vast profit generated by the global prostitution industry goes into the pockets of human traffickers.[4] Raymond, J. et al. 2002. A Comparative Study of Women Trafficked in the Migration Process. Ford Foundation, New York. [back to paragraph] [5] Swedish Ministry of Industry, Employment, and Communications. 2004. Fact Sheet: Prostitution and Trafficking in women.� http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/01/87/74/6bc6c972.pdf�� [back to paragraph] [6] Ekberg, G.S. 2001. "Prostitution and Trafficking: The Legal Situation in Sweden". Paper presented at Journ�es de formation sur la mondialisation de la prostitution et du traffic sexuel. Association qu�b�coise des organismes de coop�ration internationale. Montr�al, Quebec, Canada. [back to paragraph The Swedish Government has found that much of the vast profit generated by the global prostitution industry goes into the pockets of human traffickers.

40. Institutional Strength - Prosecution Works Swedish aggressive prosecution of customers, pimps, and brothel owners began in 1999 and in two years resulted in: 40

41. Institutional Strength - Prosecution Works a 50 percent decrease in women prostituting, a 75 percent decrease in men buying sex, and 41

42. Institutional Strength - Prosecution Works A reduction of trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation. 42

43. What can we do as Women?Report Trafficking Clues Accompanied by a controlling person or boss; not speaking on own behalf; Lack of control over personal schedule, money, I.D., travel documents; Transported to or from work; lives and works in the same place; Debt owed to employer/crew leader; inability to leave job; Bruises, depression, fear, overly submissive. 43 Key questions to ask: What type of work do you do? Are you getting paid? Anything taken out of your pay? Can you leave your job if you want to? Can you come and go as you please? Are you afraid to leave? Why? Have you or your family been threatened? What are your working and living conditions like? How are you treated? Do you have to ask permission to eat/sleep/go to the bathroom? Are there locks on your doors/windows so you cannot get out? Has your identification or documentation been taken from you? Key questions to ask: What type of work do you do? Are you getting paid? Anything taken out of your pay? Can you leave your job if you want to? Can you come and go as you please? Are you afraid to leave? Why? Have you or your family been threatened? What are your working and living conditions like? How are you treated? Do you have to ask permission to eat/sleep/go to the bathroom? Are there locks on your doors/windows so you cannot get out? Has your identification or documentation been taken from you?

44. What can we do as Women? Report Trafficking CALL THE COPS! National Human Trafficking Resource Center at 1-888-373-7888: attended 24/7 Your local police department For more information on human trafficking, visit www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking. 44

45. Institutional StrengthsWhat Works- Especially in the USA Civic Involvement Works: Awareness, Advocacy, Action Public Awareness of the crime Public Demand for action on the crime Political Will to combat the crime Resource Allocation to prevent and intervene Law Enforcement that knows what to do Criminal and Civil Prosecution Victim Protection Determined Women 45 There is strength in: Numbers � Members, friends, news items Organization � A plan of attack Focus � Winning strategy and tactics Alliances � With other NGOs, the media, business Money as in $$$$$ In the end, mostly we have each other, so lets make it something great!There is strength in: Numbers � Members, friends, news items Organization � A plan of attack Focus � Winning strategy and tactics Alliances � With other NGOs, the media, business Money as in $$$$$ In the end, mostly we have each other, so lets make it something great!

46. Civic Institutional Strengths USA Soroptimist 46 Public Awareness drive Public Demand for Change which drives Political Will. Political will needs a target. More focused work is enabled by the Soroptimist strategies of AWARENESS, ADVOCAY AND ACTION. The ultimate target is getting the right resources in (the right) place. AWARENESS allows us to identify the ADVOCACY that is appropriate and efficacious. ADVOCACY allows for the identification of the nature of the �next steps� - targeted ACTION for the right resources in the right place.Public Awareness drive Public Demand for Change which drives Political Will. Political will needs a target. More focused work is enabled by the Soroptimist strategies of AWARENESS, ADVOCAY AND ACTION. The ultimate target is getting the right resources in (the right) place. AWARENESS allows us to identify the ADVOCACY that is appropriate and efficacious. ADVOCACY allows for the identification of the nature of the �next steps� - targeted ACTION for the right resources in the right place.

47. Who Are We To Organize Against Trafficking? �� WE ARE SOROPTIMISTS We are part of a network of Soroptimist clubs all over the world. Our purpose is to do work that makes a difference to improve the status and transform the lives of women and girls, in local communities and throughout the world. 47 We are the core of what works, especially in the USA Civic Involvement to drive Awareness, Advocacy, Action Public Awareness Public Demand Political Will Resource Allocation Law Enforcement Law Breakers Prosecution Victim Protection Determined WomenWe are the core of what works, especially in the USA Civic Involvement to drive Awareness, Advocacy, Action Public Awareness Public Demand Political Will Resource Allocation Law Enforcement Law Breakers Prosecution Victim Protection Determined Women

48. What can Clubs do about Trafficking? 48 SISTER � a way to DO something about this crime. Was initially supported in SIA by SI of Glendale with $25, 000 from those Bras for a Cause. SI Mission: Through international partnerships and a global network of members, Soroptimists inspire action and create opportunities to transform the lives of women and girls by: advocating for equity and equality; creating safe and healthy environments; increasing access to education; developing leadership and practical skills for a sustainable future. CRR It is the mission of Camino Real Region to bring together women from all walks of life and to enable them, through the development of their leadership skills, to truly make a difference in their communities and throughout the world SI Goals: Soroptimists will ensure that women and girls � enjoy equity and equality � live in safe and healthy environments � have access to education � have leadership and practical skills Objectives� End human trafficking and all forms of violence against women and girls (HR/SW)SISTER � a way to DO something about this crime. Was initially supported in SIA by SI of Glendale with $25, 000 from those Bras for a Cause. SI Mission: Through international partnerships and a global network of members, Soroptimists inspire action and create opportunities to transform the lives of women and girls by: advocating for equity and equality; creating safe and healthy environments; increasing access to education; developing leadership and practical skills for a sustainable future. CRR It is the mission of Camino Real Region to bring together women from all walks of life and to enable them, through the development of their leadership skills, to truly make a difference in their communities and throughout the world SI Goals: Soroptimists will ensure that women and girls � enjoy equity and equality � live in safe and healthy environments � have access to education � have leadership and practical skills Objectives� End human trafficking and all forms of violence against women and girls (HR/SW)

49. What are Clubs encouraged to do locally? SSTR 49 Our governor has high aspirations for us. We have asked her to serve and we must help her to do her job.Our governor has high aspirations for us. We have asked her to serve and we must help her to do her job.

50. What can Clubs do locally? SSTR AWARENESS 50 Benefits to the Affected Populations Bring more educated eyes and ears to bear on this matter. Extension into the community. Build learning alliances with other interested individuals, groups and accountable units of government. Benefits to Members and to the Club Often, extension into the community can increase opportunities to recruit and retain members, identify V. Richardson, WOA and MDFW award candidates; and identity potential alliances with other organizations that share Soroptimist values... Focus in on the target for advocacyBenefits to the Affected Populations Bring more educated eyes and ears to bear on this matter. Extension into the community. Build learning alliances with other interested individuals, groups and accountable units of government. Benefits to Members and to the Club Often, extension into the community can increase opportunities to recruit and retain members, identify V. Richardson, WOA and MDFW award candidates; and identity potential alliances with other organizations that share Soroptimist values... Focus in on the target for advocacy

51. What can Clubs do locally? SSTR Educate members about what trafficking and sexual slavery are, the root causes of this activity, costs to communities and warning signs that it may be happening in your community. Bring more educated eyes and ears to bear on this matter. 51 Benefits to the Affected Populations Bring more educated eyes and ears to bear on this matter. Extension into the community. Build learning alliances with other interested individuals, groups and accountable units of government. Benefits to Members and to the Club Often, extension into the community can increase opportunities to recruit and retain members, identify V. Richardson, WOA and MDFW award candidates; and identity potential alliances with other organizations that share Soroptimist values... ROOT CAUSES include: public and private corruption in the USA and overseas. Conditions in the social and economic conditions of a corrupt political subdivision that make women and girls vulnerable to vicitmzartion.: lack of education poverty family need The California Trafficking Victims Protection Act, (AB 22 of 2006) which was authored by Assembly member Lieber and took effect on January 1, 2006, directed the CA ACTS Task Force to examine California's efforts to prevent trafficking, assist victims and prosecute traffickers, and report its findings and recommendations to the Governor, the Attorney General and the Legislature. The California Alliance to Combat Trafficking and Slavery Task Force released today its Final Report, Human Trafficking in California, with findings and recommendations to the Governor, Attorney General and Legislature. The full report runs to 130 pages.Available at :http://www.safestate.org/documents/HT_Final_Report_ADA.pdf Benefits to the Affected Populations Bring more educated eyes and ears to bear on this matter. Extension into the community. Build learning alliances with other interested individuals, groups and accountable units of government. Benefits to Members and to the Club Often, extension into the community can increase opportunities to recruit and retain members, identify V. Richardson, WOA and MDFW award candidates; and identity potential alliances with other organizations that share Soroptimist values... ROOT CAUSES include: public and private corruption in the USA and overseas. Conditions in the social and economic conditions of a corrupt political subdivision that make women and girls vulnerable to vicitmzartion.: lack of education poverty family need The California Trafficking Victims Protection Act, (AB 22 of 2006) which was authored by Assembly member Lieber and took effect on January 1, 2006, directed the CA ACTS Task Force to examine California's efforts to prevent trafficking, assist victims and prosecute traffickers, and report its findings and recommendations to the Governor, the Attorney General and the Legislature. The California Alliance to Combat Trafficking and Slavery Task Force released today its Final Report, Human Trafficking in California, with findings and recommendations to the Governor, Attorney General and Legislature. The full report runs to 130 pages.Available at :http://www.safestate.org/documents/HT_Final_Report_ADA.pdf

52. What can Clubs do locally?  SSTR Educate interested community social and economic groups on this matter, the warning signs and the costs to the community. Get this matter on the agenda of government, social and economic action groups in your community. Raise awareness and demand for action on this matter in your community. 52 Benefits to the Affected Populations � See Slide Benefits to Members and to the Club Extension into the community. Build advocacy and action alliances with other interested individuals, groups and accountable units of government. Benefits to the Affected Populations � See Slide Benefits to Members and to the Club Extension into the community. Build advocacy and action alliances with other interested individuals, groups and accountable units of government.

53. What can Clubs do locally?  SSTR ADVOCACY 53 Benefits to the Affected Populations Get this matter on the agenda of government, social and economic action groups in your community. Raise awareness and demand for action on this matter in your community. Benefits to Members and to the Club Extension into the community. Build advocacy and action alliances with other interested individuals, groups and accountable units of government. Support existing efforts like the LA Metropolitan Taskforce on Trafficking, CAST, Polaris, and anti slavery organizations like California Underground: http://digital.lib.csus.edu/curr/ Antislavery: http://www.antislavery.org/ Clarify the goals for actionBenefits to the Affected Populations Get this matter on the agenda of government, social and economic action groups in your community. Raise awareness and demand for action on this matter in your community. Benefits to Members and to the Club Extension into the community. Build advocacy and action alliances with other interested individuals, groups and accountable units of government. Support existing efforts like the LA Metropolitan Taskforce on Trafficking, CAST, Polaris, and anti slavery organizations like California Underground: http://digital.lib.csus.edu/curr/ Antislavery: http://www.antislavery.org/ Clarify the goals for action

54. What can Clubs do locally?SSTR Build demand for a gender analysis of local budgets Identify resources intended to prevent, intervene and prosecute trafficking and sexual slavery crimes. Build demand for transparency in the actions of local government to address this matter for the benefit of the community and the victims. Assure that resources intended for the abatement of trafficking are appropriately and efficaciously targeted and effectively applied in service to victims and the community 54 Benefits to the Affected Populations: Assure that resources intended for the abatement of trafficking are appropriately and efficaciously targeted and effectively applied in service to victims and the community Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Build alliances and partnerships across the spectrum of social and economic action. Build reputational assets of the club and Soroptimist International as agents for the improvement of the status of women and girls. Improve club confidence in its organizational capacity to make a difference in the community. Attract members. Retain members. Identify candidates for WOA and V. Richardson awards and support. Identify candidates for MDFW. Benefits to the Affected Populations: Assure that resources intended for the abatement of trafficking are appropriately and efficaciously targeted and effectively applied in service to victims and the community Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Build alliances and partnerships across the spectrum of social and economic action. Build reputational assets of the club and Soroptimist International as agents for the improvement of the status of women and girls. Improve club confidence in its organizational capacity to make a difference in the community. Attract members. Retain members. Identify candidates for WOA and V. Richardson awards and support. Identify candidates for MDFW.

55. What can Clubs do locally?SSTR Map and publicize the gaps between the location of trafficking services and the known locations from which or to which victims are trafficked. Map the Gaps http://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/data/files/map_of_gaps.pdf Sex in the City http://www.eaves4women.co.uk/POPPY_Project/Documents/Recent_Reports/Sex%20in%20the%20City.pdf 55 Benefits to the Affected Populations: Close counter-productive geographic gaps in service. Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Align with law enforcement, advocacy groups, and agencies providing services to the population to improve the value of the system to the population of users. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Benefits to the Affected Populations: Close counter-productive geographic gaps in service. Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Align with law enforcement, advocacy groups, and agencies providing services to the population to improve the value of the system to the population of users. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members.

56. What can Clubs do locally?SSTR ACTION 56 Benefits to the Affected Populations: Close counter-productive geographic gaps in service. Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Align with law enforcement, advocacy groups, and agencies providing services to the population to improve the value of the system to the population of users. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Benefits to the Affected Populations: Close counter-productive geographic gaps in service. Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Align with law enforcement, advocacy groups, and agencies providing services to the population to improve the value of the system to the population of users. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members.

57. What can Clubs do locally?  SSTR Support the installation of valid programs in the primary and secondary grades to teach and foster respect between boys and girls. Increase the potential for girls to have the confidence to resist situations of exploitation. Increase the possibility that boys will reject the mistreatment of girls as being compatible with notions of manhood. 57 Benefits to the Affected Populations: Increase the potential for girls to have the confidence to resist situations of exploitation. Increase the possibility that boys will reject the mistreatment of girls as being compatible with notions of manhood. Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Build alliances with the elementary and middle schools and their parent organizations. Attract and retain members. Attract V. Richardson candidates. Engage girls in �S� like activities. Primary grade �respect� test results are not good predictors of the attitudes that boys will have about girls in adolescence and young adulthoodBenefits to the Affected Populations: Increase the potential for girls to have the confidence to resist situations of exploitation. Increase the possibility that boys will reject the mistreatment of girls as being compatible with notions of manhood. Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Build alliances with the elementary and middle schools and their parent organizations. Attract and retain members. Attract V. Richardson candidates. Engage girls in �S� like activities. Primary grade �respect� test results are not good predictors of the attitudes that boys will have about girls in adolescence and young adulthood

58. What can Clubs do locally?  SSTR Support Awareness-Building Projects with money, memberships or hands on support Bring more educated eyes and ears to bear on this matter. Get this matter on the agenda of government, social and economic action groups in your community. Raise awareness and demand for action on this matter in your community 58 Benefits to the Affected Populations: Bring appropriate and efficacious interventions to victims in your community or an adjacent community. . Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Benefits to the Affected Populations: Bring appropriate and efficacious interventions to victims in your community or an adjacent community. . Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members.

59. What can Clubs do locally?  SSTR 7. Support Social Reintegration Projects with money, memberships or hands on support 8. Support Protection Projects with money, memberships or hands on support 9. Support Rehabilitation Projects with money, memberships or hands on support 59 Trafficking victims need safety, support and care while undergoing social and economic reintegration once their ordeal has ended. Not only do they have to deal with the depression that often ensues, but also social stigma�especially in cases of sexual exploitation. Benefits to Members and to the Club: 7. Extension into the community. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. 8. Extension into the community. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. 9. Extension into the community. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. Trafficking victims need safety, support and care while undergoing social and economic reintegration once their ordeal has ended. Not only do they have to deal with the depression that often ensues, but also social stigma�especially in cases of sexual exploitation. Benefits to Members and to the Club: 7. Extension into the community. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. 8. Extension into the community. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. 9. Extension into the community. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work.

60. What can Clubs do locally?  SSTR Support Training for Journalists in Human Trafficking Address how the media positively and/or negatively affects and drives community attitudes toward corruption, use and exploitation of and lack of respect for women and girls as reflected particularly in the realm of gender relations. 60 Benefits to the Affected Populations: Reduce the stereotyping of women and girls in the local media, avoid sensationalism, understand the vulnerability of the community or the area to this kind of crime, and be more investigative and didactic in their writing so that people can learn defense and self protection mechanisms from their articles. Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Build alliance with local college or university to develop the curriculum for this intervention. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. Benefits to the Affected Populations: Reduce the stereotyping of women and girls in the local media, avoid sensationalism, understand the vulnerability of the community or the area to this kind of crime, and be more investigative and didactic in their writing so that people can learn defense and self protection mechanisms from their articles. Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Build alliance with local college or university to develop the curriculum for this intervention. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work.

61. What can Clubs do locally?  SSTR Support Training for Journalists in Human Trafficking Address these issues as embedded in the internet, television, music, movies and print media. 61 Benefits to the Affected Populations: Reduce the stereotyping of women and girls in the local media, avoid sensationalism, understand the vulnerability of the community or the area to this kind of crime, and be more investigative and didactic in their writing so that people can learn defense and self protection mechanisms from their articles. Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Build alliance with local college or university to develop the curriculum for this intervention. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. Opportunity: Work with the Office of Women�s Health and the Anneberg Center on a project. Benefits to the Affected Populations: Reduce the stereotyping of women and girls in the local media, avoid sensationalism, understand the vulnerability of the community or the area to this kind of crime, and be more investigative and didactic in their writing so that people can learn defense and self protection mechanisms from their articles. Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Build alliance with local college or university to develop the curriculum for this intervention. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. Opportunity: Work with the Office of Women�s Health and the Anneberg Center on a project.

62. What can Clubs do locally?  SSTR Recruit a Local High Profile Spokesperson Partner with local nonprofit organizations engaged in the struggle against trafficking and slavery. Encourage a focus on the "volunteers" in these partner organizations who provide programmatic collaboration. 62 Benefits to the Affected Populations: Slide Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. Benefits to the Affected Populations: Slide Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work.

63. What can Clubs do locally?  SSTR 12. Provide Information on this crime to 1,000 persons. Involve victim survivors in this public effort. Get this matter on the agendas of persons in positions of power and influence in your community or area. Mobilize political will needed to bring policy and procedure changes that will benefit victims and survivors of this crime. 63 Benefits to the Affected Populations: Slide Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Build alliances with your local political, religious and educational leaders. Build alliances with parents. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way for adults and children. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. Tanzania: Educate children on the importance of watching out for one another. When children see one of their friends being abused or about to be trafficked, they blow wooden whistles that they have been taught to make, to identify the child in need. Community members, hearing the distress whistles being blown, then come to the child�s rescue. Sierra Leone: Provides broadcast time for a "Voice of the Children" radio program run for and by children to assist in the psychological recovery process from the civil war. Benefits to the Affected Populations: Slide Benefits to Members and to the Club: Extension into the community. Build alliances with your local political, religious and educational leaders. Build alliances with parents. Meet your service project objective to carry out the Soroptimist mission in a significant and value adding way for adults and children. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. Tanzania: Educate children on the importance of watching out for one another. When children see one of their friends being abused or about to be trafficked, they blow wooden whistles that they have been taught to make, to identify the child in need. Community members, hearing the distress whistles being blown, then come to the child�s rescue. Sierra Leone: Provides broadcast time for a "Voice of the Children" radio program run for and by children to assist in the psychological recovery process from the civil war.

64. What can Clubs do locally? SSTR 13. Organize a trafficking protest at a local transportation hub. Get this matter on the agendas of persons in positions of power and influence in your community or area. Mobilize political will needed to bring policy and procedure changes that will benefit victims and survivors of this crime. Empower local children and their parents in this matter. 64 Benefits to the Affected Populations: Brings attention to the issue and to the possible location where a portion of this crime occurs. May drive the development of political will to address this matter. Benefits to Members and to the Club: There is ample material from SIA on this kind of activity. This activity, if well planned, can bring attention to the trafficking issue in a local community. It can also bring attention to and interest in the Soroptimist club involved. Clubs can partner for an event like this assuring that there are plenty of participants and a good press photo-op! Benefits to the Affected Populations: Brings attention to the issue and to the possible location where a portion of this crime occurs. May drive the development of political will to address this matter. Benefits to Members and to the Club: There is ample material from SIA on this kind of activity. This activity, if well planned, can bring attention to the trafficking issue in a local community. It can also bring attention to and interest in the Soroptimist club involved. Clubs can partner for an event like this assuring that there are plenty of participants and a good press photo-op!

65. What can Clubs do locally?  SSTR 14. Provide financial support and assistance with permits and other needs for a Region-level, 30 day, public information campaign to place bus and train cards with anti-trafficking messages on trains and busses. The card could give a number for persons at risk to call for help. The card would also refer the viewer to a contact path to learn about a Soroptimist club in their community. 65 Benefit to affected population: Allow thousands of people to see anti-trafficking messages for 30 days each day that they travel on the train or bus. Let traveling victims see this message for 30 days Benefit to members and to the club: Extension into the community. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. Proposal: The state of Texas has a law that requirtes that all licensed liquor outlets post the number for the National Human Trafficking Resource Center at 1-888-373-7888: attended 24/7. SILA could take a lead in getting this kind of an ordinance in LA, Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties, and later at the state level. This means that places like Union Station would have to post the number. Benefit to affected population: Allow thousands of people to see anti-trafficking messages for 30 days each day that they travel on the train or bus. Let traveling victims see this message for 30 days Benefit to members and to the club: Extension into the community. Build reputational capital for the club. Attract and retain members. Create local media interest in your service work. Proposal: The state of Texas has a law that requirtes that all licensed liquor outlets post the number for the National Human Trafficking Resource Center at 1-888-373-7888: attended 24/7. SILA could take a lead in getting this kind of an ordinance in LA, Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties, and later at the state level. This means that places like Union Station would have to post the number.

66. What can Clubs and Girls do?  LIL� SSTR 66

67. What can Clubs and Girls do?  Lil� SSTR Help to provide Information on this crime to 1,000 persons. Be involved through their groups (scouts, sports teams, youth clubs, and �S� clubs) and their parents in this effort as well. 67

68. What can Clubs and Girls do?  Lil� SSTR Help to provide Information on this crime to 1,000 persons. Girls can put on art shows, readings, plays or other communication-related activities on this matter ands how it affects children. 68

69. What can Clubs and Girls do?  Lil� SSTR Organize a trafficking protest at a local transportation hub. Girls can march in protests against trafficking, engage in discussions of their perception of trafficking, learn self-protective mechanisms, and participate in public speaking. 69

70. Why let girls� do? Lil� SSTR Cut the Power of Risk Grow the Power of Resilience 70 Table 1. Risk and Resilience Factors specific to Youth and Adolescent Violence Compiled from data presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization, and specific work done by Prevention Institute. PERSONAL Violence Risk and PERSONAL Resilience Factors In general, risk and resilience (also called protective) factors impact the way individuals and their communities interact. Risk factors for violence are defined in general as characteristics or circumstances that increase the likelihood of being affected by, or perpetrating, violence. An accumulation of risk factors in combination, frequency and/or severity will influence whether violent behavior, problems or habits develop.9 In communities that respect youth, demonstrate consistently high levels of support and expectations, and model non-violence, more positive outcomes can be expected. Prevention efforts which focus particular attention on modifying and reducing the impact of risk factors, and increasing the protective impact of resilience factors, have been shown to significantly reduce health complications and behaviors associated with violence. Table 1. Risk and Resilience Factors specific to Youth and Adolescent Violence Compiled from data presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization, and specific work done by Prevention Institute. PERSONAL Violence Risk and PERSONAL Resilience Factors In general, risk and resilience (also called protective) factors impact the way individuals and their communities interact. Risk factors for violence are defined in general as characteristics or circumstances that increase the likelihood of being affected by, or perpetrating, violence. An accumulation of risk factors in combination, frequency and/or severity will influence whether violent behavior, problems or habits develop.9 In communities that respect youth, demonstrate consistently high levels of support and expectations, and model non-violence, more positive outcomes can be expected. Prevention efforts which focus particular attention on modifying and reducing the impact of risk factors, and increasing the protective impact of resilience factors, have been shown to significantly reduce health complications and behaviors associated with violence.

71. What did one woman do for 2,500 children during the holocaust? 71 . .

72. 72 Thank you for your attention! 1501-African Slaves in the New WorldSpanish settlers bring slaves from Africa to Santo Domingo (now the capital of the Dominican Republic). 1619-Slaves in VirginiaAfricans brought to Jamestown are the first slaves imported into Britain's North American colonies. Like indentured servants, they were probably freed after a fixed period of service. 1700-First Antislavery PublicationMassachusetts jurist and printer, Samuel Seawell, publishes the first North American antislavery tract, The Selling of Joseph. 1705-Slaves as PropertyDescribing slaves as real estate, Virginia lawmakers allow owners to bequeath their slaves. The same law allows masters to "kill and destroy" runaways. 1775-Abolitionist SocietyAnthony Benezet of Philadelphia founds the world's first abolitionist society. Benjamin Franklin becomes its president in 1787. 1776-Declaration of IndependenceThe Continental Congress asserts "that these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States." 1793-Fugitive Slave ActThe United States outlaws any efforts to impede the capture of runaway slaves. (Also see 1850) 1808-United States Bans Slave TradeImporting African slaves is outlawed, but smuggling continues. 1501-African Slaves in the New WorldSpanish settlers bring slaves from Africa to Santo Domingo (now the capital of the Dominican Republic). 1619-Slaves in VirginiaAfricans brought to Jamestown are the first slaves imported into Britain's North American colonies. Like indentured servants, they were probably freed after a fixed period of service. 1700-First Antislavery PublicationMassachusetts jurist and printer, Samuel Seawell, publishes the first North American antislavery tract, The Selling of Joseph. 1705-Slaves as PropertyDescribing slaves as real estate, Virginia lawmakers allow owners to bequeath their slaves. The same law allows masters to "kill and destroy" runaways. 1775-Abolitionist SocietyAnthony Benezet of Philadelphia founds the world's first abolitionist society. Benjamin Franklin becomes its president in 1787. 1776-Declaration of IndependenceThe Continental Congress asserts "that these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States." 1793-Fugitive Slave ActThe United States outlaws any efforts to impede the capture of runaway slaves. (Also see 1850) 1808-United States Bans Slave TradeImporting African slaves is outlawed, but smuggling continues.