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Lifelong Education in Hong Kong – The Convergence of Higher and Continuing Education

East Asia Forum for Adult Education 6th General Assembly , Tokyo, Japan November 19 – 23, 2005. Lifelong Education in Hong Kong – The Convergence of Higher and Continuing Education. Professor Enoch C. M.Young Director HKU School of Professional and Continuing Education. Outline.

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Lifelong Education in Hong Kong – The Convergence of Higher and Continuing Education

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  1. East Asia Forum for Adult Education 6th General Assembly , Tokyo, Japan November 19 – 23, 2005 Lifelong Education in Hong Kong–The Convergence of Higher and Continuing Education Professor Enoch C. M.Young Director HKU School of Professional and Continuing Education

  2. Outline • Hong Kong – The Environment • Changing Landscape of HE • Contribution of Lifelong Education to Human Resource Development • Policies on Lifelong Education • The Case of HKU & HKU SPACE • Conclusion

  3. Hong Kong – The Environment

  4. Hong Kong in Figures • Total land area: 1,100 km2 • Population: 6.9 million(mid-2004) • Working population: 3.5 million (mid-2004) • GDP: HK$1,282 billion(US$165 billion) • Per capita GDP: HK$186,267 (US$23,940) Source: Census & Statistics Department, HKSAR at http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/eng/hkstat/index2.html

  5. Regional Hubs • Good telecommunication infrastructure • 65% households with Internet connection • 3.8m fixed & 4.6m mobile telephone lines • Open & effective information exchange (e.g. e Government) • Highly efficient transport system • 0.5 million arrivals/departures per day; • 11 million public transport journeys per day • Rapid development of economic ties with the Pearl River Delta Source: http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/eng/hkstat/hkinf/it_index.html ; http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/eng/hkstat/hkinf/transport_index.html

  6. Human Capital by Types of Industry Source: Census & Statistics Department, HKSAR at http://www.info.gov.hk/censtatd/eng/hkstat/hkinf/labour_index.html

  7. Education (1) Public-funded Sector Source: Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics 2005

  8. Education (2) Self-funded Sector *Source:Survey onPublic Demand of Continuing Education in Hong Kong 2003

  9. The Changing Landscape of theHigher Education

  10. Characteristics ofPublic-funded HE Sector • Heavily Public-funded • US$1.68 billion (5% of 2004/05Public Expenditure) • Subsidy per student: US$23,500 per year • About 15,000 public-funded First-Year-First-Degree places per year • Representing about 18% of relevant age (17-20 years) cohort Source: Hong Kong Annual Digest of Statistics 2005

  11. Characteristics of Self-funded Lifelong Education Sector • Driving force: Extension arms of Universities • Also several large NGOs as major providers, e.g. Caritas • From the Peripheral (Traditional adult education) to the Mainstream of the Higher Education System (About 1.45m enrollment per year) • Firmly established alternative study path to public-funded programmes

  12. Learners’ Perception of Lifelong Education • Over 73% adult learners regarded Lifelong Education as useful to their career development • Obtain recognized qualifications • Acquire new skills & knowledge • Salary advancement, promotion and change job or trade • 74% plan to further studies within 5 years Source: Web Survey with Learners in Member Institutions of the Federation for Continuing Education in Tertiary Institutions 2004 (Respondents: 11,857)

  13. Provision of Higher Education (Full-time ) *66% of the relevant age cohort in 2004/05

  14. Economic Development of HK in the last decade • Repositioning itself in the rapid economic development of Great River Delta Region • Transforming to a knowledge-based economy • Tremendous demand for re-skilling and up-skilling • Working adults’ demand for HE far exceeded the public provision Self-funded Lifelong Education Sector must grow to close the gap

  15. Contribution of Lifelong Education to Human Resource Development

  16. Expanding Provision of Higher Education (Part-time ) Source: Survey on Public Demand of Continuing Education in HK 2003 * About 261,000 learners enrolled in Part-time Executive and Short Programmes offered by the Self-funded Higher Education Sector

  17. Impact of Lifelong Education on Education Profile of Work Force Source: Education and Manpower Bureau, HKSAR at http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200511/08/P200511080193.htm

  18. Upgrading Quality of Work Force through provision of: • Professional courses closely related to the discipline of Accounting, Financial Management, IT, Law, Chinese Medicine & etc. • Customized programmes commissioned by employers • Executive Training

  19. Recent Government Policies on Lifelong Education --- Impetus for Convergence

  20. Policies with a Clear Vision • Qualifications Framework (QF) • Reforming Senior Secondary and Higher Education • Increase Post-secondary Opportunities • Indirect Support to Lifelong Education Sector • Direct Support to Adult Learners

  21. Policy with a Clear Vision:1. Qualifications Framework (QF) • Seven-level QF covering academic, vocational, professional & continuing education sector • Objective standard for different ranks of qualifications & clear pathways for lifelong learning • An associated quality assurance mechanism

  22. Policy with a Clear Vision:2. Reforming Senior Secondary and HE • “3+3+4” New Academic Structure • Diversify the curriculum at the senior secondary level • All students enjoy 6 years of secondary school education • Provide students with multiple progressive pathways to further studies & employment • Add one extra year to all University courses

  23. Continuing Education Employment Re-skilling PhD Up-skilling Master Year 3 & 4 Undergraduate Year 1 & 2 4-year Under-graduate Associate Degree / Higher Diploma Career-oriented Studies Awards Project Yi Jin Senior Secondary (3rd year) 3-year Senior Secondary Senior Secondary (2nd year) Senior Secondary (1st year) Technicians / Technical Courses Junior Secondary (3 years) 3-year Junior Secondary The “3+3+4” New Academic Structure

  24. Policy with a Clear Vision:3. Increase Post-secondary Opportunities • Set policy objective of doubling Post-secondary education provision from 30% to 60% by 2010 • Target exceeded (66%) in mid 2005 • Estimated publicly-funded places around 24,650

  25. Policy with a Clear Vision:4. Support to Lifelong Education Sector Multi-faceted indirect support for qualified AD Providers : • HK$5 billion of interest free start-up loans • Land granted for building Community Colleges • Grant Scheme to cover the cost of academic accreditation

  26. Policy with a Clear Vision:5. Direct Support to Adult Learners Multi-faceted support to learners • Maximum Tax Exemption of HK$40,000 per year for individual learners • Non means-tested loan scheme & Means-tested financial assistance scheme for needy students • Local AD qualifications accepted for entry to 13 Civil Service grades • Continuing Education Fund (HK$5 billion) for re-imbursement of recognized studies

  27. Impact of Government Policies on Lifelong Education • Strengthening the Self-funded Sector through multi-faceted support • Greater contribution from learners • Standardization and regularization of Qualifications • Diversification of provision

  28. The Case of HKU & HKU SPACE

  29. University of Hong Kong (HKU) • Founded in 1911, Oldest University in HK • Ranked 39th in the world’s top 200 Universities (UK Times Higher Education Supplement, Nov 2004) • Ranked 3rd in Asia (Asiaweek 2000) • Largest share of research funding among local Universities (Research Grants Council web site) • Admit the best local students • 39 HKU academic staff as the world’s top 1% scientists (ISI Essential Science Indicators, April 2005) Source: HKU web site at http://www.hku.hk

  30. University of Hong Kong (HKU) Two agendas: • In addition to the traditional Vision & Mission of Research & Teaching • The University also endeavors: “To provide a comprehensive education, developing fully the intellectual and personal strengths of its students while developing and extending lifelong learningopportunities for the community” Source: HKU web site at http://www.hku.hk

  31. HKU School of Professional and Continuing Education (HKU SPACE) • 1956 Established as HKU’s Department of Extra-Mural Studies • First Continuing Education Unit in the region • 1992 Became the School of Professional and Continuing Education • 1996 Achieved Self-financing Status • 1999 Incorporated as a non-profit making company limited by guarantee, wholly-owned by HKU

  32. Trends in Student Enrollment 107,077

  33. HKU SPACE – Great Variety of Academic Programmes

  34. Academic Divisions of HKU SPACE • 10 Academic Divisions: • Arts and Humanities • Accounting • Finance • Management Studies • Marketing • Chinese Medicine • Health and Applied Sciences • Information Technology • Law • Social Sciences, Urban Studies and Education

  35. Other Academic Centres of HKU SPACE • HKU SPACE Community College • Centre for International Degree Programmes • Centre for Executive Development • Centre for Language Studies • Centre for Logistics and Transport • The CyberPort Institute of Hong Kong

  36. Academic Support Units of HKU SPACE • Quality Assurance • Finance • Human Resources • Facilities and Accommodation • Public Affairs • Information Technology • Institutional Research and Business Development • Registry Affairs • Alumni Affairs

  37. Pioneering Efforts of HKU SPACE • Developed programmes leading to Professional Qualifications • Accounting • Law • Financial Services • Chinese Medicine • Collaborated with overseas Universities to bring in programmes that were unavailable in HK

  38. Pioneering Efforts of HKU SPACE • Development of Associate Degree programme for HK • First institution to introduce Associate Degree programmes in 2000 • Commissioned by the Government to conduct a Consultancy Study on Associate Degrees in HK • Developed ‘Common Descriptors’ and set the standards for the Sector

  39. HKU SPACE as a Major Full-Time HE Provider • Provision of full-time sub-degree education to about 5,700 students • Collaborated with overseas universities to provide full-time degree education to 800 students

  40. HKU SPACE Representative as Policy Advisor • Appointed as member of • Manpower Development Committee assisting to develop & review the QF for Sub-degree & vocational training courses and QA mechanism • Steering Committee on Higher Education Reviewto inform HE policies

  41. A Strong Role in establishing an Academic Quality Assurance System for the Sector • HKU assumes an active role in establishing the Joint Quality Review Committee (JQRC) with other 7 public-funded Universities • To oversee the quality of self-funded sub-degree programmes offered by their CE Units • From self-accreditation to common standards

  42. Concluding Remarks • Converging of Higher & Continuing Education into a ‘Lifelong Education Paradigm’ • Government Policy & Learners’ Demand are key forces • Convergence will result in greater benefits to learners in terms of greater access & varieties • Convergence will result in greater benefits to the Society in terms of Human Resources Capacity Building

  43. Conclusion The Emergence of Lifelong Education makes the binary line between Higher Education & Continuing Education disappearing

  44. Thank You

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