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Combined Ionic, Metallic and Covalent Compounds

Combined Ionic, Metallic and Covalent Compounds. Everything together. Properties of Ionic Compounds. Electrons are transferred (Made of Ions) Metal and a Nonmetal present (except NH 4 + may be present) High Melting Points High Boiling Points Normally Solids at Room Temperature

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Combined Ionic, Metallic and Covalent Compounds

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  1. Combined Ionic, Metallic and Covalent Compounds Everything together

  2. Properties of Ionic Compounds • Electrons are transferred (Made of Ions) • Metal and a Nonmetal present (except NH4+ may be present) • High Melting Points • High Boiling Points • Normally Solids at Room Temperature • Conduct electricity when liquid or dissolved • Normally dissolve in Water

  3. Properties of Metallic Compounds • WILL NOT dissolve in water • Will conduct electricity when solid • Malleable and Ductile • Most Solids at well above room temperature • High Melting and Boiling Points • Made of Positive Ions and delocalized electrons

  4. Properties of Covalent Compounds • Electrons are shared (no ions) • Only Nonmetals present (NH4+ will be ionic) • Low Melting Points • Low Boiling Points • Normally Gases and Liquids or solids at Room Temp • Don’t conduct electricity • Normally DON’T dissolve in water

  5. Molecules and Compounds • MOLECULE: 2 or more atoms COVALENTLY Bonded. (Maybe the same element) • COMPOUND: 2 or more DIFFERENT atoms combined • MOLECULAR COMPOUND (Both): 2 or more DIFFERENT atoms COVALENTLY bonded.

  6. IONIC COMPOUNDS • A CATION combined with an ANION to form a neutral compound (formula unit) • NaCl, CuF2, Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)SO4 • Normally has a metal and a nonmetal or one or more Polyatomic Ions. • Electrons are transferred and opposite charges bring the ions together.

  7. COVALENT COMPOUNDS • NO IONS are present • Except Polyatomic Ions themselves are covalent • Made up of NONMETALS only • Electrons are shared to complete Octets (8 electrons per atom) except H which gets 2 electrons

  8. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS • Name the Cation first • Groups 1, 2, Ag, Cd, Zn, Al and Ammonium get NO ROMAN NUMERIAL • All other Metals get a Roman Numerial which is the CHARGE • Name the Anion • Negative elements end in –ide • Polyatomics get their ate or ite

  9. NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS • Use Prefixes to state the number of each type of element present • DON’T use mon on the first element • LAST name ends in ide

  10. TERMS • ION: An atom or group of atoms that lost or gained electrons and has a charge • ANION: A negatively charged atom or group of atoms. Has gained one or more electrons • CATION: A positively charged atom or group of atoms. Has lost one or more electrons

  11. MORE TERMS • OCTET RULE: All atoms need 8 valence electrons, Except H, He, Li, Be – 2 only • CHEMICAL FORMULA: A representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements • FORMULA UNIT: The smallest repeating unit of a substance. The molecule for nonionic substances. Also called the Empirical formula

  12. EVEN MORE TERMS • IONIC BOND: A chemical link between two atoms caused by the electrostatic force between oppositely-charged ions in an ionic compound. • COVALENT BOND: a chemical link between two atoms in which electrons are shared between them. • POLYATOMIC ION: Two or more nonmetals combined together with a charge (YOU MUST KNOW THE LIST)

  13. AGAIN EVEN MORE • VALENCE ELECTRONS: an electron that is the most likely to be involved in a chemical reaction. They are typically the highest energy s and p electrons. • COMPOUNDS: 2 or more DIFFERENT atoms combined • MOLECULE: 2 or more atoms COVALENTLY Bonded • MONOATOMIC ION: An ion made up of only one type of element.

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