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Brain Development and its Influence on Human Development

Brain Development and its Influence on Human Development. Joint Special Session, OAS. Washington, DC. By J. Fraser Mustard * Alfredo Tinajero The Founders’ Network * Founding President, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. February 24, 2010. 10-008. Human Development.

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Brain Development and its Influence on Human Development

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  1. Brain Development and its Influence on Human Development Joint Special Session, OAS Washington, DC By J. Fraser Mustard * Alfredo Tinajero The Founders’ Network * Founding President, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research February 24, 2010

  2. 10-008 Human Development Nature Nurture Genes Epigenetics Stimulation and Nutrition Gene Function Neurobiological Pathways Physical Mental Learning Health Health

  3. 10-004 need new number Epigenetics Epigenetics is the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing the function of normal genes [all the 100 billion neurons in your head have the same DNA].

  4. 08-026 What is experience? The stimuli that you encounter both pre- and post-natally as well as in later stages differentiate neuron function. Examples: sound, touch, vision, smell, food, thoughts, drugs, injury, disease, physical activity, etc. Experience begins in utero that effects the differentiation and function of the neurons in the brain. Kolb, U Lethbridge

  5. Experience-Based Brain Development in the early years of life sets neurological and biological pathways throughout life that affect: 03-080 Health(physical and mental) Learning (literacy) Behaviour

  6. Early Human Development and Literacy & Health

  7. 04-200 Early Child Development and Language Starts early – first 7 months – neurons differentiate language sounds (e.g. English, Japanese) Sets capability for mastering multiple languages in early life Sets literacy, language and learning trajectory for the second and third stages of development

  8. 05-178 Literacy Levels for the Population Ages 16 to 65 – USA Prose Document Quantitative Percent Low High Level NALS, p. 17, 2002

  9. 05-173 Literacy Levels (Quantitative) and Physical, Mental or Other Health Conditions – USA Health Problems Mental or Emotional Problems Long-term Illness Percent Level NALS, p. 44, 2002

  10. 05-170 Percentages of Adults in Poverty, by Literacy Level – USA (Prose) Level Percent NALS, p. 61, 2002

  11. 07-001 Early Experience and Brain Architecture and Function Affects gene expression and neural pathways Shapes emotion, regulates temperament and social development Shapes perceptual and cognitive ability Shapes physical and mental health and behaviour in adult life Shapes physical activity (e.g. skiing, swimming, etc.) Shapes language and literacy capability

  12. 06-001 Success by Ten Early Child Development Intervene early Intervene often Intervene effectively Integrate with primary schools Ludwig and Sawhill, Brookings Institution

  13. 05-066 Grade 3 Language Scores Argentina _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Brazil _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Chile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Cuba _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mexico _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 UNESCO, 1998

  14. Community PolyclinicsPregnancy to Age 6 Developmental Health (pre and post natal) Services provided by Community Polyclinics Nutritional support Child (Care) Stimulation (Puericultura) Weekly Home Visits

  15. Health and Language Scores 350 330 310 290 270 250 230 90 Language Scores – UNESCO First Regional Study (1998) 70 Mortality Rate Under One Mortality Rate (WHO, 1990) 50 4th grade Language (UNESCO, 1998) 30 10 Dominican Rep. Honduras Venezuela Argentina Paraguay Colombia Cuba Chile México Brazil Bolivia Mustard, JF. @ Tinajero, A., 2009

  16. Association Between Preschool Attendance and Learning % of preeschool enrolment - children ages 3-5 (UNESCO-LLECE, 2008) 100% 50 90% 45 80% 40 70% 35 60% 30 Reading Scores – 6th grade (UNESCO, 2008) Percent enrolled in preschool 50% 25 40% % of children at Level IV – Reading Scores (high) - 6th grade (UNESCO, 2008) 20 30% 15 20% 10 10% 5 Peru Cuba Chile Uruguay Argentina Dominican R. Colombia Paraguay Costa Rica Mustard, JF. @ Tinajero, A., 2009

  17. Early Development Instrument (EDI) Kindergarten – Age 5 03-085 Physical health and well-being Social knowledge and competence Emotional health/maturity Language and cognitive development Communication skills and general knowledge

  18. 08-046 EDI – Canada and CENDI - Monterrey, Mexico % Low on % Low on One Domain Two Domains CENDI 18.5% 3.8% (centre-based) (Monterrey) Canadian Middle Class 25.9% 12.9% (120,000)

  19. 02-056 Policies to Foster Human Capital "We cannot afford to postpone investing in children until they become adults nor can we wait until they reach school - a time when it may be too late to intervene." Heckman, J., 2001 (Nobel Prize Economics, 2000)

  20. 08-151 WHO – Marmot Commission on Social Determinants of Health Chapter 5 – Equity from the Start Recommendation 5.1: WHO and UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) set up an interagency mechanism to ensure policy coherence for early child development such that, across agencies, a comprehensive approach to early child development is acted on. WHO, August 2008

  21. Recommendation 5.2 The Commission recommends that: Governments build universal coverage of a comprehensive package of quality early child development programmes and services for children, mothers, and other caregivers, regardless of ability to pay. WHO, August 2008

  22. 10-002 Of all the countries in the Americas, Cuba’s programs of nutrition and stimulation for rural and urban children provide the best example of equity for early human development in the Americas. We all can learn from what Cuba has accomplished.

  23. 01-039 www.founders.net To download this presentation, go to: Slides - Slide Shows

  24. References Mustard, J.F. Early child development and experience-based brain development: the scientific underpinnings of the importance of early child development. Washington: The Brookings Institution. 2006. Available at: www.founders.net Mustard, J.F. Early human development – Equity from the start – Latin America. Latin American Journal of Social Sciences, Childhood and Youth, vol. 7, #2, July-Dec 2009. Available at: www.founders.net Mustard, J.F. The effects of nature and nurture on early human development and health, behaviour and learning. Presentation at the First International Symposium in Puebla, Mexico. January 27, 2010. Available at: www.founders.net CP23764E

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