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The Classification of Matter

The Classification of Matter. Unit I-1 Hebden 49-52. Substances. Can be heterogeneous Two or more phases Gravel, cookies. Can be homogeneous Only one phase Air, water, salt water, a piece of iron. Mixture. More than one Pure Substance physically mixed together. Solution.

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The Classification of Matter

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  1. The Classification of Matter Unit I-1 Hebden 49-52

  2. Substances • Can be heterogeneous • Two or more phases Gravel, cookies • Can be homogeneous • Only one phase • Air, water, salt water, a piece of iron

  3. Mixture • More than one Pure Substance physically mixed together

  4. Solution • A mixture that looks like a pure substance. • Particles of all substances are completely mixed together

  5. Solutions: Homogenous Mixtures • A solute is the substance to be dissolved • The solvent is the one doing the dissolving • Universal solvent- generally thought of as water

  6. Solutions

  7. WHAT IS? • Identify the solvent and solute • 100 mL of water • 0.1 g of sugar

  8. Solid Solutions -Alloys • Made by melting different metals and mixing them together • Examples of Alloys are: • Steel (iron, carbon and other elements like Cr and Mo) • Brass (copper and zinc) • Bronze (copper and tin)

  9. Solid Solutions -Alloys • Amalgams – special type of alloy that combines Mercury with other metals [old dental work] • Titanium alloys (used to make high-end bike parts & frames)

  10. Solid Solutions -Alloys

  11. Suspension • Particles are large enough to make it cloudy.

  12. Mechanical Mixture • You can see particles of different substances

  13. Pure Substances • Matter with a unique set of properties • Can be an elementor a compound

  14. Elements • are composed of ATOMS • Atoms of different elements have different masses • is a pure substance that can not be broken down further by chemical means

  15. Element • A Pure Substance made up of • ONE kind of atom • Its symbol can be found on the • Periodic Table

  16. Metals and Non-Metals • An element can either be a metal or a non-metal

  17. Non-Metals • Generally gases or dull, brittle solids at room temperature • Bromine is the only liquid • Conduct heat and electricity poorly

  18. Non-Metals

  19. Metals • shiny and solid at room temperature • Exception Mercury [only liquid] • Conduct heat and electricity • Ductile and malleable

  20. Metals

  21. Compound • A Pure Substance made up of two or more kinds of atoms.

  22. Law of Definite Proportions

  23. Compounds • Every compound has its own chemical formula • Water is H20

  24. Compound Water Hydrogen Water Oxygen

  25. Compounds • Contain symbols of different elements H2SO4 NaCl C2H5OH C3H8

  26. Compounds • NOTE: The properties of compounds are always different than the properties of their elements!

  27. Ionic Compounds • An Ionic Compound is made up a metal and a non-metal or has Polyatomic Ions in it. • Polyatomic ions are ions made up of more than one kind of atom • They can be found on your ion table (back of Periodic Table) • Some Examples: • SO42- (sulphate), CO32- (carbonate)

  28. Ionic Compounds • Some example of IONIC compounds are: • NaCl • MgBr2 • Al2O3 • K2SO4

  29. Covalent Compounds • A Covalent Compound is made up of a two non-metals or is a hydrocarbon • Some example of COVALENT compounds are: • CO2 , PBr3 , CCl4 , C8H18 , XeF6 , C4H9OH

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