1 / 14

Learning Theories

Learning Theories. Cognitive vs. Behavioral Michael McCarty. Benjamin Bloom. Benjamin Bloom Cognitive Theorist (1913 -1999). Education- Received a bachelor’s and master’s degree from Pennsylvania State University in 1935 and Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1942

dulcea
Download Presentation

Learning Theories

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Learning Theories Cognitive vs. Behavioral Michael McCarty

  2. Benjamin Bloom

  3. Benjamin BloomCognitive Theorist (1913 -1999) • Education- Received a bachelor’s and master’s degree from Pennsylvania State University in 1935 and Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1942 • Served as educational adviser to the governments of Israel, India and numerous other nations • Became instructor in the Department of Education at the University of Chicago in 1944

  4. Bloom’s Contributions • 1940’s – Created new ways to study students’ thought processes during instruction and testing in order to encourage the development of reasoning and problem solving skills • 1950’s – Developed a system for classifying instructional objectives and goals • 1960’s – Influences on child development led to the Foundation for Head Start and other early childhood programs • 1970’s – Developed procedures for improving quality of classroom instruction so students could reach high levels of achievement • 1980’s – Launched major project to understand how individuals develop exceptional levels of intellectual, artistic and athletic talent.

  5. Bloom’s Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain • Originated out of efforts to improve university exams • Work results created three taxonomies of educational objectives corresponding to three different domains • Taxonomy contains 6 levels considered a hierarchy

  6. Bloom’s Taxonomy (Continued) • Level 1 - Knowledge (Remembering previous learned material) • Level 2 - Comprehension (Understand new material) • Level 3 - Application (Use concepts and solve problems) • Level 4 - Analysis ( Break down material to understand structure of material) • Level 5 - Synthesis ( Create something new from other parts) • Level 6 - Evaluation ( Judge value of material for a given purpose)

  7. B.F. Skinner

  8. B.F. SkinnerBehavioral Theorist (1904 -1990) • An American psychologist, author, inventor, advocate for social reform, and poet • Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974 • Influenced by behavioral theorists, Watson and Pavlov

  9. Skinner’s Contributions • Invented the operant conditioning chamber • Innovated his own philosophy of science called Radical Behaviorism • Founded his own school of experimental research psychology • Listed as the most influential psychologist of the 20th century

  10. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory • Operant Conditioning Theory is the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, whether they are reinforcements or punishments • These consequences make it more or less likely that the behavior will occur again • Studies behaviors instead of internal mental processes

  11. Impact of Bloom’s Taxonomy on Training • In an instructional intervention, it is imperative to have stated learning objectives • The intervention should be developed in a hierarchal format where each level of the training builds on the previous, using the 6 levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy • Once training is complete, the individual should possess the knowledge as outlined in the objectives • Objectives are useful in planning assessments

  12. Impact of Operant Conditioning on Training • When developing an instructional intervention, the designer can include a reinforcement or consequence, such as a grade or the requirement to re-take the training if the grade is not favorable • The response produced by the receiver is voluntary; one can choose to accomplish the objectives or not

  13. Application of Learning Theories on Adult Education • Skinner’s Operant Conditioning theory is very apparent in the early education environment • Ex: Teachers offer stars and stickers for good behavior and good work; offer recognition and awards as positive reinforcement • Bloom’s Taxonomy theory is more easily adapted in the adult environment • College courses encourage self-motivation and comprehension; not as much hands on learning as early education

  14. Works Cited (2009). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 27, 2009, from B.F. Skinner Web site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner Brown, A, & Green, T (2006). The Essentials of Instructional Design.Upper Saddle River, NJ: PEARSON. Eisner, E. (2004). Benjamin Bloom 1913–99 . CYC-ONLINE, 63, Retrieved June 26, 2009, from http://www.cyc-net.org/cyc-online/cycol-0404-bloom.html Guskey, T.R. (2006). Benjamin S. Bloom Portraits of an Educator. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Education. Soylent Communications, (2009). NNDB. Retrieved June 27, 2009, from B.F. Skinner Web site: http://www.nndb.com/people/297/000022231/

More Related