SCAVENGER HUNT: Rwanda

1. SCAVENGER HUNT:Rwanda By:Janeth Herrera Araceli Mora Khanh Duong

2. Political Leaders • President Juvenal Habyarimana of Rwanda (left) • President Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi (right) • Once their plane crashed in April 6, 1994 (by unknown assailants) the Hutus started the extermination of Tutsi minorities. Thus turning into genocide.

3. Direct Quote from a survivor from the genocide • Marcelline, a thirty-seven year old rape survivor was one of those who decided to keep her baby. She was raped by an interahamwe in Musambira commune during the genocide. He threw her on the ground and said “I must rape you or kill you.” After raping her, he took her money and left her naked. She said “ I didn’t even want to open my eyes. There were bodies everywhere.” When she realized that she was pregnant, she did not care because she believed that she would be killed sooner or later. However, having survived the genocide, she accepted the baby girl. “The child is innocent. She knows nothing. She has a right to live,” Marcelline explained. “but no one knows that she is a child of an interahamwe. No one talks about what happened.”

4. Direct quote in response to genocide • Once study of rape in Rwanda by doctor Catherine Bonnet noted the psychopathy of pregnancies resulting from rape in Rwanda is the same as that which has been observed in France and in the former Yugoslavia: these pregnancies are rejected and concealed, often denied and discovered late. They are often accompanied by attempted self-induced abortions or violent fantasies against the child; indeed, even infanticide. Suicidal ideas are frequently present. Some women probably committed suicide without revealing the reason when they discovered that they had become pregnant by their rapist-tormentor.

5. MAP OF THE REGION OF RWANDA

6. Baking soda Banana and banana leaf Bay leaf Bitter leaf Black pepper Bread fruit Red pepper Chile Pepper Cinnamon Coconut Eggplant Fish, dried, salted, or smoked Rice Sweet potato Squash Sardines Garden egg Garlic Ginger Grape fruit Green beans Green tea Maize Meat, dried, or smoked Nutmeg Onion Peanut Butter Papaya Pineapple Pumpkin seeds FOOD FROM THE REGION

7. LANGUAGES SPOKEN • OFFICAL LANGUAGE: Kinyarwanda, Universal Bantu Vernacular, French, English • MOSTLY USED: kISWAHILI

8. Photojournalists from Rwanda • Award-winning photojournalist Corinne Dufka recalls her time in the midst of the 1994 genocide. She blames the Rwandan state, not tribal violence, for the killings, and castigates the U.S. and the world community for standing by while hundreds of thousands died.

9. Influence of the United Nations towards Rwanda’s Genocide • General Romeo Dallaire testified that the U.N. mission in Rwanda did not have the support it needed to prevent the 1994 genocide in the Central Africa nation. • He said that he has warned the United Nations that extremist Hutus intended to exterminate minority Tutsis. • General Dallaire said, he had pleaded in vain for reinforcements and expanded powers for peace keepers to prevent the genocide. U.N. officials refused, over ruling his plans to raid a Hutu arms cache and insisted evacuating most of the 2,500-members multinational forced after the killings started April 6, 1994. • He had 1,200 men, while the Tutsi rebels who have since taken over Rwanda had an estimate 13,000 and the former Hutu government had 25,000 troops. The strongest contingent was a 450-men Belgian battalion. Hutu troops had killed 10 of them in a frenzy of hatred on April 7, 1994, hours after President Juvenal Habayarimana’s plane was shot down by unknown of assailants.

10. Person of the U.N. that had direct role and connection in Rwanda’s genocide • General Dallaire

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY • http://www.gng.org/rwanda/hfiles/rfacts2.html • http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/africa/9804/07/rwanda/ • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/africa/9804/07/rwanda/clinton • http://mediafilter.org/CAQ/CAQ52Rw4.html • http://www.gng.org/rwanda/hfiles/rfacts_sites.html • http://www.hrw.org/reports/1996/rwanda.htm • http://www.congocookbook.com/co120.ktml • (ask jeeves)

12. Symbolic Emblem • In 2001, the Rwandan government organized a nationwide competition, asking Rwandans to design their own flag. The result (seen on top) was designed by Alphonse Kirimobenecyoa, a native artist. The green and yellow represents the light of the sun, and rwanda’s lush vegetation. The sky blue represents peace and hope that will last. Green and yellow were both present in the previous flag of Rwanda (seen on the bottom) but the sky blue replaced the red, which too strongly echoed the blood spilt in the 1994 killings.

13. Genocide Summary • The Rwanda genocide started on April 6th, 1994 right after the plane that carried President Juvenal Habvarimana of Rwanda and President Cyprien Ntarvamira was shot down by unknown assailants just outside of Kigali. Two days later, the International Red Cross reported an estimate of thousands of Rwandans was killed in the genocide. Even though the U.S. government knew this was a genocide, they refused to acknowledge and to act against it. The U.S. State Department spokeswoman , Christine Shelley said “the use of the term ‘genocide’ has a very precise legal meaning, although it is not strictly a legal determination. There are other factors in there as well.” • After researching information on Rwanda’s genocide we have noticed that there are a lot of different viewpoints on the topic. Some people believe it is a genocide because of tribal hatred, however many disagree and say there are a lot of factors that greatly affect the event as well. Villia Jefremovas stated that poverty, decreased land availability, population growth, regional politics, etc…