Chapter 1 Grammar Using Nouns in Latin

1. Chapter 1 GrammarUsing Nouns in Latin Nouns in Latin show case, number, gender, and declension

2. What Do You Know About Nouns?BRAINSTORM on board • Did we answer these questions? • Nouns represent what ‘things’ in a sentence? • Does there have to be a noun in every sentence? • What is the part of speech which stands in for nouns sometimes?

3. What I Need to Know by the End of This Lesson • What is a noun • What is the subject of a sentence • What a verb shows • What is the predicate of a sentence • How does Latin use endings to tell what a noun’s ‘role’ is in a sentence • How Latin uses endings to tell us case, number and gender.

4. Nouns - Gender • Gender – masculine, feminine, or neuter • Most English words use ‘natural’ gender. Example: words for male people or animals are masculine words and words for female people or animals are feminine. • Latin nouns have a specific gender that needs to be learned with the word.

5. Nouns - Number • Number means either singular (one) or plural (more than one). • The ending of the noun shows if it is singular or plural. • Example: insula = 1 island insulae = more than 1 island silva = forest silvae = forests Any charts in your book need to go in your notes!!

6. Nouns - Case • In English, we use WORD ORDER to know how a word ‘works’ within a sentence. Compare - The girl likes the horse. The horse likes the girl. Do these mean the same thing? • In Latin, word order doesn’t matter. ENDINGS show how a word is used in a sentence. These endings tell which CASE the word fits into in the sentence. (Puella amat equum. Equum amat puella.) • CASE tells how a noun is used in a sentence.

7. Sentences • Subject – The noun doing the action in the sentence or the ‘star’ of the sentence. The subject is always in the nominative case. • Predicate – The verb and everything else in the sentence, except the subject. • The ‘to be’ verbs tell us what something IS. (ex., I am a teacher, you are a student). After a ‘to be’ (or linking) verb, a noun or adjective used in the predicate is also in the nominative case. This is called a PREDICATE NOMINATIVE (another noun or an adjective in the predicate that ‘equals’ the subject. Example: Ali is a dog. What nouns will be in the nominative case?

8. Noun - Declension Declension – a group of nouns using the same pattern of endings. • 1st Declension - Nouns in the first declension all end with -a (singular) and –ae (plural) in the nominative case (used for subject of the sentence). • Most 1st Declension nouns are feminine. There is only 1 group of exceptions.

9. 1st Declension Endings1st declension nouns are feminine EXCEPT nouns that tell a person’s occupation. Case Singular Plural NOTE: include the – (called a macron) over vowels as shown in book. Nominative -a -ae Genitive -ae -arum Dative -ae -is Accusative -am -as Ablative -a -is *If someone asks you to DECLINE a noun, that person wants you to write a noun in this pattern with all 10 case endings.

10. Declining a 1st Declension Noun(How to add the endings to a word) Case Singular Plural Nominative silva silvae Genitive silvae silvarum Dative silvae silvis Accusative silvam silvas Ablative silva silvis

11. Your Latin Notebook • Write the vocabulary words just like they are written in the book. Include ALL information as shown in book. • Read through the grammar section and remember what we learned in class today. In your own words, write a summary of the grammar section. Include ALL charts shown in the grammar section.

12. Do I Know These Things? • What is a noun • What is the subject of a sentence • What a verb shows • What is the predicate of a sentence • How does Latin use endings to tell what a noun’s ‘role’ is in a sentence • How Latin uses endings to tell us case, number and gender.