American History

1. American History Chapters 16-18 Overview

2. Inventions and New Changes • Skyscrapers: Louis Sullivan • Airplanes: Wilbur and Orville Wright • More people went to high school and college • Sports became popular: Baseball, Tennis, Boxing • Amusement Parks: World’s Fair, Coney Island • Mass Circulation Newspapers: James Pulitzer • American Fiction: Mark Twain (Adventures of Huck Finn) • Rural Free Delivery, Advertisement, Department Store’s (Marshall Fields in Chicago)

8. Segregation and Discrimination • Poll Tax and Grandfather Clause • Segregation: Laws to separate blacks and whites • Plessy vs Ferguson: Made Segregation Legal • Segregation vs. Asians and Mexicans as well

10. Progressive Era • Progressive Movement: Fix all the problems in American • 1. Social Welfare, Moral Improvement, Economic Reform and Efficient Business • Prohibition: Banning of alcoholic beverages was introduced • Muckrakers: Journalist who wrote of bad economic policies • Changing City Governments: State Controlled • Child Labor Laws and Working Hour Laws were introduced • 17th Amendment: Senators elected by the people

12. Women’s Rights • Susan B Anthony: Leader of Women’s Suffrage Movement • Suffrage: Right to Vote • 19th Amendment: Gave women the right to vote (1919)

13. Teddy Roosevelt (Rep) • Roughriders: Volunteer group that wanted war with Spain • Became famous for Calvary victory at San Juan Hill • Chosen as McKinley’s VP in 1900 (wanted him out of NY) • McKinley was assassinated in 1900…Teddy is the President • Youngest President to date (42 years old) • Reformer: Trustbuster, Arbitrator in strikes, Regulator (RR, Food) • Conservation: Preserving Wilderness, State/National Parks • Civil Rights: NAACP

17. Taft (REP) and Wilson (Dem) • Ran for President and won in 1908 (defeated Bryan--D) • “Vote for Taftt, you can vote for Bryan anytime” • Did not advance Roosevelt’s policies, Fat, Not well liked • Roosevelt and Taft (once friends, turned on each other) • Woodrow Wilson (D): Elected by a landslide in 1912 • Democrats began to be more progressive, people liked • Wilson set up FTC, Federal Reserve, 19th Amendment

20. American Empire • Imperialism: Stronger nations control weaker ones • Hawaii and Alaska were the first areas to be gobbled up • American went to war with Spain in 1898 • American won Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines • Cuba also became a free country • Boxer Rebellion: Rebellion in China to rid foreigners, stopped by US • Panama Canal • Pancho Villa: Mexican who attacked American’s • US: WORLD POWER BY 1914

23. American History Chapters 19-23

24. Causes of WWI • Nationalism • Devotion to the interest/culture of ones nation • Caused people to want independence • Imperialism • European countries creating Empires • Led to competition between France, GB, Germany • Militarism • Development of the armed forces as a political tool • Each countries militaries became much stronger

25. Alliances Divide Europe—Cause War • Allies • France, GB, Russia • Central Powers • Germany, Austria Hungary, Italy, Turks • Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Heir to Austrian throne, killed by a Serbian Nationalist • Alliances • Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia • Russia declares war on Austria Hungary • Germany declares war on Russia and France (allies of Russia) • Great Britain declares war on Germany

27. Fighting Slows Down • Trench Warfare • Armies would dig into trenches (usually 3 on each side) • Charges were tried but not successful • Machine guns, grenades, chemical weapons • Lots of death • One battle saw 1.2 million people die for 7 miles of land • Lasted for 3 years

30. US Thoughts on the War • Opposed • War between Germany and England • First and Second Generation Immigrants did not want to declare war against home country (Germany) • For • Some Americans felt a close bond with GB • Didn’t like how Germany was aggressive • Most importantly, we traded A LOT more with the Allies (GB, France) than with Germany

31. Germany makes America mad • Lusitania • British passenger ship that was sunk by German U-Boats, killed over 1,200 (128 Americans) • Zimmerman Note • Telegram from German Prime Minister to Mexico • Attempted to get the Mexicans to declare war on America (Germany would help them get land back) • President Woodrow Wilson • Declared war on Germany (April 2 1917) • Made the world safe for Democracy

33. US Troops in WWI • Selective Service Act (draft) • Men had to register with the government, random selection • 200,000 were initially selected (over 2 million by the end) • Convoy System • US Destroyers guarded ships carrying troops and supplies to Europe • Breath of Fresh Air • American troops helped lifted the spirit of the Allies who had been fighting for over 2 years in trenches

34. American Troops • John J Pershing • Leader of the American Forces in WWI • Doughboys—shocked by what they saw • New Styles of fighting • Machine Guns, Tanks, Planes, Gasses, Observation Balloons (all made fighting more deadly) • Shell Shock • Complete emotional collapse caused by war • Caused by seeing and living in horrible conditions • Trench foot, lice, smell of dead bodies, water, trench mouth • PTSD is what it is called today (still a big deal)

38. How the War was won • German Advance • Germans were stopped in their advance by USA/France and GB • Eventually the Allies were able to push German troops back into Germany • German Collapsed • Austria-Hungary surrendered, sick of Germany • Germans were too exhausted to fight • Armistice—truce/peace that ends the war

41. Final Results • Death Toll • 22 million people died (over half civilians) • 338 billion dollars (price of war) • US Death toll (48,000 in battle, 62,000 from disease) • US Economy • Benefited b/c government took control of many industries • Increase in production by 20% • Propaganda • Communication designed to influence peoples thoughts and actions, used to get support for the war (financial and military)

43. Results cont.. • Anti-Immigrants • Especially from the countries we were fighting against • Germans lost their jobs, removed German things from American Culture • Hamburger—Liberty Sandwich • Sauerkraut---Liberty Cabbage • Great Migration • Large scale movement of Southern Blacks to cities in the North to find jobs • Women also began to work jobs that men had done before

45. Other Events • Flu Epidemic • Killed around 500,000 Americans • Killed over 30 million world wide • Spread throughout the world by soldiers coming home from WWI • Woodrow Wilson • US President, came up with 14 points • League of Nations—organization created to settle disputes between countries • Not supported by European countries b/c it did not punish Germany enough

47. Treaty of Versailles • Treaty of Versailles • Peace treaty that officially ended WWI • 9 new countries • Germany could not have an Army • Germany had to pay 33 billion • Reparations---punishments • Results • Germany was very poor • Europe was destroyed • Hitler would begin to rise to power

49. Chapter 20

50. Terms • Isolationism • Pulling away from world affairs • Popular thought after WWI • Communism • Economic and political system based on a single party government ruled by a dictator • Government control political, economical, social • Russia became the USSR • Quota System • Set up the maximum number of immigrants that could come from specific countries