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Enlightenment Bellwork

Explore the thoughts of important Enlightenment thinkers, such as Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Smith, and Wollstonecraft, through concise and insightful tweets. Understand their views on social contract, individual rights, division of power, freedom of speech, popular sovereignty, economic liberty, and women's rights.

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Enlightenment Bellwork

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  1. Enlightenment Bellwork • What does the famous phrase “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness” mean to you? • Opinion • What does the following quote mean to you? • “All things must be examined, debated, investigated without exception and without regard for anyone’s feelings” Diderot • Opinion

  2. Objective WWBAT: Summarize the thoughts of famous Enlightenment thinkers. WWBAT: Analyze the quotes of these thinkers.

  3. Interactive Notebook Set Up 2/29/2016 Philosphes Tweets This will be on 2 pages.

  4. Background Hobbes Locke Montesquieu Tweet Tweet Tweet

  5. Voltaire Rousseau Smith Wollstonecraft Tweet Tweet Tweet Tweet

  6. What was it? • The Enlightenment was an 18th century philosophical movement that used the scientific method to explain and improve society.

  7. Background • Deism taught a believe in God based on rationality and natural observation • Not divine intervention or revelations • Universalism/Unitarianism taught that all people could and would be saved • These both went against a common belief of the time, predestination • Deism and Universalism/Unitarianism were both very liberal branches of Christianity

  8. Deism

  9. Background • The Enlightenment stressed that Reason could cure mankind of all past injustices • Through reason man could discover the Natural Laws that regulated society • Once that is done man can reach Progress that would guarantee human betterment

  10. Background • The intellectuals who adopted this position were called Philosophes • The philosophes were social critics, publicists, political scientists, economists, and social reformers • Their ideas would influenced the beliefs of the founding fathers

  11. Background • They attacked laws, institutions, and practices • Everything that they considered to be unreasonable or unnatural • The Philosophes believed that the people had the capability to make changes that would make life better • Their view of the future was generally bright

  12. What To Do • I will be providing some background info on some important Philosophes • You are to summarize the thoughts of each Philosophe into a Tweet or Tweets • This means you have 140 characters to summarize their thoughts!

  13. Thomas Hobbes

  14. Thomas Hobbes • Believed in the social contract • People should give up individual liberties in return for social order • The natural condition of humans is one of continuous conflict and competition • Supporter of absolute monarchy • The monarchy would help to keep social order

  15. Thomas Hobbes • Believed anarchy to be a state of nature. • Wrote Leviathan (1651) • Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil • Said life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”.

  16. John Locke

  17. John Locke • Believed in individual rights – Life – Liberty – Property • People would not and couldnot willingly surrender their fundamental natural rights.

  18. John Locke • Government existed to protect those rights, & if they didn’t, it should be overthrown. • Rebellion is the right of the people because people have the gift of reason • Supporter of Democracy • Wrote Two Treatises on Government

  19. Baron de Montesquieu

  20. Baron de Montesquieu • Division of power into 3 branches • Executive • Legislative • Judicial • Hisidea of checks and balances would influence the U.S. Constitution

  21. Baron de Montesquieu • Saw humans life as a comedy and satire • Climate and Circumstances determine the form of governments • Published The Spirit of the Laws (1748)

  22. Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet)

  23. Voltaire • Strong supporter of Freedom of Speech, Thought, & Religion • Humans are liars, traitors, ingrates, thieves, misers, killers, fanatics, hypocrites, fools and so on. Yet, it’s normal. • Believed Governments should ensure personal freedoms

  24. Voltaire • Satirist who wrote about the French Monarchy, the nobility, and the church • Wrote Candide & Philosophical Letters • Hated the Church, injustice, and prejudice • Imprisoned twice in France for his views

  25. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

  26. Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Believed in Popular Sovereignty • sovereign power is vested in the people • Argued people are naturally good, but society corrupts them through environment, education and laws. • Opposed strong government.

  27. Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Government created and controlled by the people. • Did not trust reason, believing that it brought corruption and misery. • Published The Social Contract (1762)

  28. Adam Smith

  29. Adam Smith • Government should allow economic liberty, • Called laissez-faire. • Shouldn’t control economy • He greatly opposed many of the principles of Mercantilism

  30. Adam Smith • Free trade, Market economy, Supply and demand • Believed in Self interest, Competition, and Everyone is selfish • Wrote The Wealth of Nations (1776)

  31. Mary Wollstonecraft

  32. Mary Wollstonecraft • Early spokesperson for Women’s Rights • Argued the ideals of equality should be extended to women as well as men. • Governments should extend political rights to women as well

  33. Mary Wollstonecraft • Women should also enjoy educational freedoms as well • Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

  34. Identify who said it and what it means! “Power should be in check of Power.”

  35. Identify who said it and what it means! “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.

  36. Identify who said it and what it means! “Let women share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of men.”

  37. Identify who said it and what it means! “The action of men are the best interpreters of their thoughts.”

  38. Identify who said it and what it means! “No complaint ... is more common than that of a scarcity of money.”

  39. Identify who said it and what it means! “The condition of man... is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.”

  40. Identify who said it and what it means! “It is dangerous to be right in matters on which the established authorities are wrong.”

  41. Identify who said it and what it means! “Power should be in check of Power.” Montesquieu

  42. Identify who said it and what it means! “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Rousseau

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