CHAPTER 20 TOBACCO

1. CHAPTER 20TOBACCO

2. LESSON 1: The Health Risks of Tobacco Use • What are some harmful effects of smoking tobacco products? • What substance in tobacco causes a person to become addicted?

3. Vocabulary • Addictive Drug: a substance that causes physiological of psychological dependence • Nicotine: the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves • Stimulant: a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs • Carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance • Tar: a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns • Carbon Monoxide: a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas • Smokeless Tobacco: tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed • Leukoplakia: thickened, white, leather-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer

4. Health Risks of Tobacco Use • All tobacco products display warning labels stating that using tobacco products can be harmful to an individual’s health. • Medical studies have shown that tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable dealth and disability in the United States. • Smoking has been linked to lung disease, cancers, and heart disease. • About 90 % of adult smokers began the habit as teenagers.

5. Nicotine • All tobacco products contain nicotine, the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves. • Nicotine is a stimulant, a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs. • Using nicotine raises blood pressure, and increases the heart rate

6. Poisonous Substances in Tobacco Smoke • Tobacco is a carcinogen or cancer-causing substance • Tobacco smoke contains tar and carbon monoxide • It also contains the same poisonous compounds found in products such as paint, rat poison, and toilet cleaner.

7. Tar • Tar is a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns. • Tar damages a smoker’s respiratory system by destroying the structures of the airway that protect the body against infection. • Tar also destroys the alveoli, or air sacs, which absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide. • Smokers are susceptible to diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, heart disease, and cancer. • 87 % of cancer deaths result from smoking

8. Carbon Monoxide • Poisonous gas found in cigarette smoke • Absorbed more easily than oxygen • Deprives the body’s tissues and cells of oxygen • Increases the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, hardening of the arteries, and other circulatory problems

9. Pipes, Cigars, Smokeless Tobacco • Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes. • One cigar can contain as much nicotine as an entire pack of 20 cigarettes. • Pipe and cigar smokers also increase the risk of developing cancers of the lips, mouth, throat, larynx, lungs, and esophagus. • Smokeless tobacco (spit) are not a safe alternative to smoking. • The nicotine and carcinogens in these products are absorbed into the blood through the mucous membranes in the mouth or the digestive tract.

10. Leukoplakia • Smokeless tobacco are absorbed into the body at levels up to tree times the amount of a single cigarette. • Smokeless tobacco irritates the sensitive tissues of the mouth causing leukoplakia that can develop into oral cancer. • Smokeless tobacco causes cancers of the mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. • 8-10 plugs of tobacco daily = two packs of cigarettes

11. Short-Term Effects • Brain Chemistry changes: body craves more of the drug. Withdrawal symptoms include headaches, nervousness, and trembling as soon as 30 minutes after last use. • Respiration and heart rate increase • Taste buds are dulled and appetite is reduced • Users have bad breath, yellowed teeth, and smelly hair, skin, and clothes.

12. Long-Term Effects • Chronic Bronchitis • Emphysema • Lung Cancer • Coronary heart disease and stroke • Weakened immune system

13. Tobacco Costs • Costs to society: Tobacco-related illnesses cost the US about $165 billion each year. • Costs to individuals: A person smoking one pack of cigarettes a day will spend $1,500 a year. • Legal consequences: selling to minors, smoking is a non-smoking environment or on school or government property

17. LESSON 2 Choosing to Live Tobacco-Free

18. Vocabulary • Nicotine withdrawal: the process that occurs in the body when nicotine is no longer used • Nicotine Substitutes: products that deliver small amounts of nicotine into the users system while he or she is trying to give up the tobacco habit. • Tobacco cessation program: a course that provides information and help to people who want to stop using tobacco.

19. Why Teens Use Tobacco • Falsely believe that smoking will help control weight or releive stress • Some think smoking will make you mature and independent • Teens are influenced by movies, TV, advertisements, or media messages • Truth: Smoking reduces the body’s capacity for physical activity, so it may lead to weight gain. • Health problems caused by tobacco use can increase the user’s stress level

20. Reduced Tobacco Use Among Teens • CDC reports that 77 % of high school students nationwide do not smoke • Tobacco legislation: 1998 tobacco companies and 46 states reached a legal settlement that restricts tobacco advertising aimed at teens • Tobacco companies are required to fund ads discouraging teens from smoking. • Illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to purchase tobacco products in the US. • Legislation has limited smoking in public places and businesses.

21. Benefits of Living Tobacco-Free • Better cardiovascular endurance and lung function • Improved fitness level and athletic performance • Reduce your risk of lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke. • Look and feel better

22. Ending the Addiction Cycle • Common to experience nicotine withdrawl • Symptoms include irritability, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and cravings for tobacco • Use nicotine substitutes to relieve symptoms: Gum, patches, nasal sprays, and inhalers • Some are over-the-counter products; others require a doctor’s prescription

23. Getting Help to Quit Tobacco Use • Prepare for the quit day: set target date and stick to it. • Get support and encouragement • Access professional health services • Replace tobacco use with healthy behaviors

24. Lesson 3 • Promoting a Smoke-Free Environment

25. Vocabulary • Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) : or secondhand smoke, air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke • Mainstream Smoke: the smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker • Sidestream Smoke: the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar.

26. ETS • ETS from cigarettes, cigars, and pipes contains more than 4,000 chemical compounds. • More than 50 of those chemicals are cancer-causing carcinogens • Infants and young children who are exposed to ETS are more likely to develop asthma than their peers who are not exposed to ETS • Secondhand smoke causes 3,000 deaths from lung cancer every year.

27. Health Risks to Unborn Children and Infants • Smoking during pregnancy can seriously harm the developing fetus. • Nicotine and carbon monoxide constrict the blood vessels and reduce oxygen levels in the blood of the mother and fetus. • Leads to impaired fetal growth, spontaneous miscarriage and prenatal death, premture delivery, low bieth weight, deformities, and stillbirths. • Babies of mothers who smoked during pregnancy or who are exposed to ETS are more likely to die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). • Infants exposed to ETS after birth are twice as likely to die of SIDS and may have severe asthma attacks, ear infections, or respiratory tract infections.

28. Create a Smoke-Free Socitey • Many states now prohibit smoking in any workplace • Healthy People 2010 goal is to reduce tobacco use and the number of tobacco related deaths. • States and local communities are supporting the efforts to create a smoke-free society.