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High Renaissance

High Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci. 1452-1519. Early Life. Madonna of the Rocks Geometrical arrangement of figures Chiaroscuro Sfumato Foreshortening Background treatments Artists live on commissions. Milan. Last Supper Used new fresco method Built into the room's end

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High Renaissance

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  1. High Renaissance

  2. Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519

  3. Early Life • Madonna of the Rocks • Geometrical arrangement of figures • Chiaroscuro • Sfumato • Foreshortening • Background treatments • Artists live on commissions

  4. Milan • Last Supper • Used new fresco method • Built into the room's end • Light from the side with the window • Door cut below • During WWII a bomb hit the monastery • Destroyed by erosion

  5. “Among all the studies and reasoning, Light chiefly delights the beholder; and among the great features of mathematics the certainty of its demonstrations is what preeminently tends to elevate the mind of the investigator. Perspective, therefore must be preferred to all the discourses and systems of human learning.” – Leonardo da Vinci

  6. Mona Lisa • The greatness of the Mona Lisa • What do you see?

  7. "'Those [artists] who are enamored of practice without science,' Leonardo explained, 'are like sailors who board a ship without rudder and compass, never having any certainty as to whither they go.'" – Isacoff, Stuart, Temperament, Vintage Books, 2001, p. 85.

  8. Notebooks • Coded • Read R L with a mirror • Scientific illustration • Used science to support art

  9. Military

  10. Aeronautics

  11. Anatomy

  12. Technology • Machines • Hydraulics • Vehicles on land • Architecture • Scientific method

  13. “Those sciences are vain and filled with errors which are not borne of experiment, the mother of all certainty.” Leonardo da Vinci

  14. Legacy • Only 17 paintings • Notebooks • Drawings of unfinished works • Diverted rivers to prevent flooding • Principles of turbine • Cartography • Submarine • Flying machine • Parachute • …And much more….

  15. Renaissance Man

  16. Renaissance Man • Ancient: • Plato (daVinci) • Aristotle

  17. Renaissance Man • Renaissance period • Leonardo daVinci • Michelangelo and Raphael • Petrarch, Erasmus, Pico della Mirandola Why were there so many Renaissance men during the Renaissance? • Lack of boundaries between disciplines • Knowledge was just knowledge

  18. "I don't buy the notion that the world is organized the way universities and companies are. Ideas don't know what discipline they're in. We might kidnap them and say, 'That's a marketing idea' or 'That's an anthropology idea.' But if you walked up to an idea on the street, it wouldn't know about that." – Gerald Zaltman, Professor of Business Administration at Harvard, personal communication, October 2003.

  19. Leonardo’s Environment and Motivation • Earning a living (profit) • Rivalry with other artists • Scientific curiosity • Civic duty

  20. Michelangelo Buonarroti

  21. Early Life • Born outside of Florence • Apprenticed as a sculptor • Master recognized his talents

  22. Commissions by Medici • Lived in the Medici palace • Studied anatomy • Several pieces for the Medici tombs, etc.

  23. Rome • Commissioned to do Pietá

  24. Return to Florence • Commissioned to do David

  25. David

  26. Return to Rome • Worked on tomb for Julius II • Sistine Chapel

  27. Sistine Chapel

  28. Sistine Chapel

  29. Moses • Received funding from Pope Leo X • The Moses

  30. St. Peter’s • Architect for St. Peter’s

  31. Legacy • World’s greatest sculptor • See the figure inside the stone and remove excess • Painter • Mannerism • Poet • Architect • Engineer

  32. Raphael

  33. Early Life • Born in Urbino • Quick learner and hard worker

  34. Time in Rome • Borrowed techniques from other great artists • Often sketched women and children • Architect for St. Peter’s • Died at 37 and buried in Pantheon

  35. School of Athens

  36. School of Athens

  37. Madonna of the Meadow

  38. Legacy of Raphael • Refinement • Exemplar of the Renaissance • Expertise: • Artist, archeologist, writer, philosopher, teacher

  39. Titian and the Venetian School • Characteristics: • Vivid colors • Dynamics and dramatic movement • Sensuality

  40. Renaissance Music

  41. Basic structure • Words dominate • Tone painting

  42. Texture • Middle ages: • Monophonic • Renaissance: • Polyphonic • Late Renaissance: • Homophonic • Harmonies based upon Pythagoras

  43. Musical Notation • Invented to publish books of music • Invented instruments • Instrumental arrangements appeared

  44. Religious Music • Natural sounding music • Mass • Composer’s music had to be screened

  45. Giovanni Palestrina • Adult life in Rome • Choirmaster, singer,/ director of music • Reactionary period • Church suppressed music that did not enhance words of the Mass • Polyphony was distracting • Works were conservative

  46. Giovanni Palestrina • Wrote over 100 masses • Gregorian chant • Mass in Honor of Pope Marcellus • Influenced later music • Buried in St. Peter’s Basilica • “The Prince of Music”

  47. Secular Music • New instruments • Chansons favored in the court • Courtly Love • Madrigals • Poetry and Music

  48. Dances • As important as music • First considered a separate form of art • Some courts had dance masters • “balli”

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