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Traditional Models of Rhetoric

Delve into the ancient roots of oral and written argumentation, emphasizing the importance of ethos, logos, and pathos. Discover how power shapes rhetorical discourse, challenging dichotomies with heuristic approaches. Navigate the evolution of rhetoric from oral traditions to modern debates.

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Traditional Models of Rhetoric

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  1. Traditional Models of Rhetoric How people have argued

  2. 1. Oral tradition • Probably the oldest format of argumentation • Seemingly a basic and simple form of discourse • “Publication” happened at public functions (Take, for example, Mark Antony’s speech in Julius Caesar.) • Kairos becomes important. (Warning: Video clip contains a real-life hostage situation) • We can see the Rhetorical Situation (Audience, Stance, Purpose, etc.)

  3. Logos, ethos, and pathos • Aristotle, the philosopher and master arguer, said logos, ethos, and pathos are the three basic ways to persuade the audience. • To this day, many rhetoricians still use these three points to make up the “rhetorical triangle.”

  4. Logos • Appeal to logic. • Not always sound logic.

  5. Ethos • The credibility and reputation of the speaker in relation to the audience.

  6. Pathos • The emotional appeal

  7. Other spoken rhetorical devices • Language: Are these provocative words? • Tone: Well, you just have to see it really. • Stories: A way to humanize and contextualize... • Metaphor: Is this really about Santa Claus?

  8. 2.Written tradition • Audience is still an issue. Who is the readership? • Not everyone can write (or is literate) • Publication comes through publishing houses and printing presses • Circulation still relies on oral tradition (dubbed as “word of mouth”)

  9. Why write instead of speak • Time to revise • Create a more unshakable personaIsObama really a good speaker or does he have good writers? • Can be harder to take out of context • Has permanence • Not everyone can write

  10. 3. It’s about power • Few people can command the traditional rhetorical stages. Elections still rely heavily on traditional modes of discourse. • It’s an easy way to create a dichotomy—an “either-or” situation or an “us vs. them” mentality. • Audience’s love it because it is simple. • Problem is that dichotomies suck and real issues are never fully discussed.

  11. Moving beyond the dichotomy • Use a heuristic approach. • A line of questioning that invites us to see our rhetorical topic from new perspectives.

  12. Why a heuristic? • Well, I’m not filling out every slide for you. Tell me! Why? • Hint: This is where those filters come in handy.

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