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Measuring Remittances using Multi-Purpose Household Surveys: the LSMS experience. Gero Carletto Development Research Group The World Bank (with Claudia Rodriguez). What is an LSMS?. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES Multi-Topic Questionnaire Multiple Instruments Consumption-based welfare measure
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Measuring Remittances using Multi-Purpose Household Surveys: the LSMS experience Gero Carletto Development Research Group The World Bank (with Claudia Rodriguez)
What is an LSMS? DISTINCTIVE FEATURES • Multi-Topic Questionnaire • Multiple Instruments • Consumption-based welfare measure • Quality Control • Demand-driven
Main objectives of LSMS Surveys • Measuring and Monitoring Welfare • Poverty and policy analysis • Capacity building • Methodological validation (LSMS IV) • Consumption, subjective poverty, migration, … • Income (remittances)
Review: main methodologies • Transfer/remittances module • Household (total transfer; by recipient) • Individual (remitter) • Other income • HH level • Closed vs. open • Individual migrant’s rosters • Combination
Individual migrant’s rosters • GHANA LSS 2005/06, ALBANIA LSMS 2005, BULGARIA MTHS 2007 • Current household members • Present (past migration) • Absent • Former Household members • Other individuals
Any improvements over time? • Albania 2002-2005 • Bulgaria 1995-2007 • BiH 2001-2004 • Ghana 1987-2005 • Nicaragua 1993-2001 • Vietnam 1993-2004
Conclusions • Most surveys contain info on remittances but … • Little consistency in methodology • Often different components and groups of individuals included • Ambiguities and double counting • “Large” underestimation? Lack of benchmark! • Some progress, but … • Limited to few countries: demand-driven?? • Shortage of best practices
Conclusions (cont’d) • Reference period: 12 months (?) • Importance of placement (?) • Individual vs. household-level • HH membership • Distinguish transfers from abroad • Multiple modules • Temporary migrants and returnees: info (last 12 months) on country of work, length of spell abroad, occupation, wages • De-coupling remittances from migration???