BECOMING A WORLD POWER

1. BECOMING A WORLD POWER United States Expansion (1890-1915)

2. Chapter 10, Section 1 The Pressure to Expand • What factors led to the growth of imperialism around the world? • In what ways did the United States begin to expand its interests abroad in the late 1800s? • What arguments were made in favor of United States expansion in the 1890s?

3. European Imperialism • By late 1800s, European nations dominated huge portions of Africa and Asia: • Economically: need for natural resources and markets to sell goods • Politically: related to NATIONALISM - devotion to one’s nation - PRIDE • Culturally: or Humanitarian. Religious missionaries spread blessings of Western Civilization - law, medicine, Christian religion • Militarily: Superior technology. Also, growing navies required worldwide bases

4. United States interests • 1796 - Washington’s Farewell address and Neutrality • Isolationist - not entangled in other nation’s business - isolated • 1823 - Monroe Doctrine • 1840s-50s - Manifest Destiny (westward expansion over North America) • 1853 - Japan opened to US (the “West”) trade- Commodore Matthew Perry • 1867 - Alaska - “Seward’s Ice Box” or “Seward’s Folly” • 1875 - Treaty with Hawaii - sugar • 1870s - Latin American & Caribbean issues

5. Chapter 10, Section 1 The Monroe Doctrine • Originally meant that the United States declared itself neutral in European wars and warned other nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere. • Later, the doctrine was interpreted to mean a more active role to protect the interests of the United States. Seward’s Folly Midway Islands Latin America and Hawaii • In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from Russia. • Seward bought the uninhabited Midway Islands for use as repairing and refueling stations for navy vessels in the Pacific. • The United States signed a treaty with Hawaii and took a more active role in protecting Latin America. Expanding U.S. Interests

6. Expansionism

7. Japan

8. Alaska

9. Chapter 10, Section 1 Promoting Economic Growth • The United States needed to secure new markets in other countries. • The United Fruit Company invested and gained political influence in some Central American nations. These nations were called banana republics. Protecting American Security Preserving American Spirit • An expanded navy with bases around the world would protect U.S. Interests. By 1900, the United States had one of the most powerful navies in the world. • Some leaders of the day believed that introducing Christianity and modern civilization to less developed nations around the world was a noble pursuit. Arguments for U.S. Expansion

10. Changing times - Arguments for US expansion • Economic - overproduction and surplus needed new markets • US business abroad increased call for government involvement • Banana Republics

11. Changing times - Arguments for US expansion • American Security overseas • The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (Alfred T. Mahan) • Importance of a nation’s navy • 1880s - first battleships • 1890 - Naval Act - $ to build a larger fleet

12. Changing times - Arguments for US expansion • The American Spirit: Culturally • Closing the Frontier = limit development of American character: Needed to expand. • Henry Cabot Lodge • Frederick Jackson Turner (frontier thesis) • Theodore Roosevelt • Anglo-Saxon civilization: • Josiah Strong (minister) • Albert Beveridge (Senator) • Could extend civilization to heathen (un-Christian peoples) • Social Darwinists • Survival of the Fittest Civilizations

13. American Public Opinion • Most Americans favored US Expansion • Conquest of Western US complete • Extend influence (not conquer) to other nations