Becoming a World Power

1. Becoming a World Power Chapter 17

2. The Imperialist Vision

3. Desire for New Markets • Imperialism– The economic and political domination of a strong nation over other weaker nations. • Protectorate – the imperial power allowed the local rulers to stay in control and protected them against rebellions and invasion. • The nation would have to develop overseas markets once the west was developed to keep the economy strong.

4. Superiority • Social Darwinism • Since nations competed politically, economically, and militarily – only the strongest will survive. • Belief that Americans, English-speakers had superior character, ideas, and government • Destined to DOMINATE.

6. Expansion across the Pacific • Commodore Perry opens Japan • Annexation of Hawaii

7. Japan • Commodore Matthew Perry is sent with a naval expedition to Japan to negotiate a trade treaty. • Believed that the U.S. would benefit from trade with Japan. • Shocked by the steamships, it forced the Japanese to make internal changes because they could not keep up with Western technology • Ports of Simoda and Hakodadi open to U.S. trade

8. Hawaii • Used Hawaii as a resting (fueling) place between the U.S. and Asia • Soil and climate were ideal for growing sugarcane • US Senate signed a trade treaty to stop tariffs on sugarcane to help our Hawaii’s economy • When it came up for renewal the Hawaiians were forced to give up a naval base at Pearl Harbor to the U.S. • The planters are who forced the U.S. to annex Hawaii, in order to not lose power and prestige in Hawaii

9. Latin America • US bought most raw materials from Latin America, but Latin America bought most manufactured goods from Europe • Wanted to increase sales to Latin America • Wanted to prove their power to Europe

10. The United States needs a Navy • Willing to risk war in defense of American interests overseas • Idea that if the U.S. did not build up its navy and bases overseas they would be shut out of foreign markets by the Europeans

11. Imperialism – The economic and political domination of a strong nation over other weaker nations. • Protectorate – the imperial power allowed the local rulers to stay in control and protected them against rebellions and invasion. • The nation would have to develop overseas markets once the west was developed to keep the economy strong.

12. First Act of Imperialism The Spanish-American War

14. The Entrance into War • The explosion on the Maine– What actually happened? Heavily debated • Blame on Spain • Support of the Cubans (Sugar) who were fighting for their independence from Spain. • Many Cuban rebels would flee to the United States to plan a new revolution • President Grover Cleveland declared the U.S. as neutral, but public support was for war.

15. What led us into the war? • Dramatic stories of Spanish atrocities. • The two major newspapers: The New York Journal and The New York World • William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer both competed to increase circulation. Yellow Journalism – Sensationalist reporting, in which writers often exaggerated or even made up stories to attract readers.

16. Satire of Hearst & Pulitzer

17. Calling out for war • Led by newly elected Republican President McKinley in 1897.

19. Americans Battle as “The Rough Riders” • A volunteer cavalry unit from the American West. A mix of cowboys, miners, and law officers. • Led by: Leonard Wood • Second in Command: Theodore Roosevelt • They did not make their attack alone, were supported by actual troops. • Led to: Spanish resistance in Cuba ending and on August 12, 1898 Spain and the United States agreed to a cease-fire.

20. What to do with the new territories • Cuba would be given its freedom • Allowed to make their own Constitution but had to have special conditions. • Fought to annex the Philippines but with harsh rebellions and constant fighting, the Philippines were granted independence in 1946. • Governing Puerto Rico – under the Foraker Act, Puerto Rico would become an unincorporated territory (not U.S. Citizens) but Congress could pass laws for the island. • Allowed in 1947 to pick own governor – Debate over what to do with Puerto Rico remains today, still a commonwealth

21. Platt Amendment • Cuba could not make any treaty with another nation that would weaken its independence or allow another foreign power to gain territory in Cuba. • Cuba had to allow the United States to buy or lease naval stations in Cuba. • Cuba’s debts had to be kept low to prevent foreign countries from landing troops to enforce payment. • The United States would have the right to intervene to protect Cuban independence and keep order. Repealed in 1934

22. New American Diplomacy

23. American Diplomacy in Asia • The U.S. would have naval bases throughout the Pacific • Influence in Asia was mainly commerce NOT conquest.

24. Open Door Policy • War between China & Japan over Korea • China was expected to beat Japan, but Japan beat China • China had been split up into spheres of influence, this bothered the U.S. • The United States backed an open door policy • Everyone should be allowed to trade with China.

25. Balance of Power in East Asia • Theodore Roosevelt worked hard with his open door policy, preventing any one single nation from monopolizing trade. • In 1907 Roosevelt would send 16 battleships known as the “Great White Fleet” on a voyage around the world to showcase the nation’s military might.

27. The Panama Canal – Control in the Caribbean • The construction of a canal was vital to American power in the world. • The Panama Canal became territory of the U.S. • Secretary of State Hay offered Colombia $10 million, and a yearly rent of $250,000 for the right to construct the canal, and control a narrow strip of land on either side of it. Colombia refused the offer. • Panamanians revolted against Colombia, granted independence in 1903 and the Panama Canal was built.

29. Roosevelt Corollary • The United States would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary to maintain economic and political stability in the Western Hemisphere. • Addition to the Monroe Doctrine

30. William Howard Taft • Successor to Roosevelt • Belief that if American business leaders supported Latin American and Asian development, everyone would benefit. • The U.S. would increase trade, and American businesses would increase profit, countries in Latin America and Asia would rise out of poverty and social order. • Dollar Diplomacy – Substituting “Dollars for Bullets”