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Endocrine Issues

Endocrine Issues. Leptin. (A) Low levels stimulate hunger and cravings (B) Increased levels stimulate hunger and cravings (C) Elevated levels in response to stress may contribute to abdominal fat (D) Upregulates nitric oxide (NO) synthetase. Answer.

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Endocrine Issues

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  1. Endocrine Issues

  2. Leptin • (A) Low levels stimulate hunger and cravings • (B) Increased levels stimulate hunger and • cravings • (C) Elevated levels in response to stress may • contribute to abdominal fat • (D) Upregulates nitric oxide (NO) synthetase

  3. Answer • (A) Low levels stimulate hunger and cravings

  4. Ghrelin • (A) Low levels stimulate hunger and cravings • (B) Increased levels stimulate hunger and • cravings • (C) Elevated levels in response to stress may • contribute to abdominal fat • (D) Upregulates nitric oxide (NO) synthetase

  5. Answer • (B) Increased levels stimulate hunger and cravings

  6. Cortisol • (A) Low levels stimulate hunger and cravings • (B) Increased levels stimulate hunger and • cravings • (C) Elevated levels in response to stress may • contribute to abdominal fat • (D) Upregulates nitric oxide (NO) synthetase

  7. Answer • (C) Elevated levels in response to stress may contribute to abdominal fat

  8. Sleep restriction or deprivation is associated with which of the following?(A) Impaired glucose tolerance(B) Increased snacking of carbohydrates and sweet foods at night(C) Increased risk for diabetes and obesity(D) All the above

  9. Answer • (D) All the above

  10. When initiating lifestyle modification, asking the patient to keep a journal about _______ may be helpful in the initiallifestyle assessment.(A) Foods and emotions that drive food choices(B) Physical activity (eg, number of minutes of exercise per day)(C) Sleep cycle(D) All the above

  11. Answer • (D) All the above

  12. Studies show patients who follow a healthy diet high in protein and low in carbohydrates lose significantly more weightthan patients who follow a healthy diet comprised of 65% carbohydrates.(A) True (B) False

  13. Answer • (B) False

  14. Changes in choice of dietary carbohydrates can affect expression of genes in abdominal fat.(A) True (B) False

  15. Answer • (A) True

  16. Compared to patients who perform a single daily exercise session, those who perform multiple short bouts of exercisethroughout the day tend to:(A) Exercise fewer days per week(B) Accumulate fewer minutes of exercise per week(C) Have increased appetites(D) Lose more weight with similar cardiovascular benefits

  17. Answer • (D) Lose more weight with similar cardiovascular benefits

  18. Choose the correct statement about resveratrol.(A) Found in beer and chocolate(B) Associated with upregulation of NO synthetase(C) No evidence of benefits for cardiovascular risk(D) Likely to increase blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome

  19. Answer • (B) Associated with upregulation of NO synthetase

  20. Which of the following types of chocolate contains the highest amount of beneficial flavenoids?(A) Milk chocolate(B) White chocolate (C) Dark chocolate (D) Alkalinized dark chocolate

  21. Answer • (C) Dark chocolate

  22. 90% of weight loss is? • A. Calorie reduction • B. Exercise

  23. Answer • A. Calorie reduction

  24. 90% of Weigh Maintenance is? • A. Calorie reduction • B. Exercise

  25. Answer • B. Exercise

  26. Waist circumference is a very important measurement for abdominal fat and it should be under 40 for men and 35 for women. Asians a waist circumference disadvantaged and they should keep the waist circumference under which of the following/ • A. 38 M, 36 W • B. 36 M, 34 W • C. 35 M, 32 W • D. 36 M, 32 W

  27. Answer • D. 36 M, 32 W

  28. T4 levels increase by about _______ during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.(A) 25% (B) 35% (C) 50% (D) 75%

  29. Answer • (C) 50%

  30. Women show a stepwise increase in the prevalence of hypothyroidism, beginning at _______.(A) 30 yr of age (B) 40 yr of age (C) 50 yr of age (D) 70 yr of age

  31. Answer • (A) 30 yr of age

  32. Pregnant women with untreated hypothyroidism are more likely to have:(A) Spontaneous abortions (B) Low birth weight infants(C) Children with low intelligence quotients (D) All the above

  33. Answer • (D) All the above

  34. All the following interfere with the absorption of thyroid hormone supplements, except:(A) Hypocaloric diets (B) Sucralfate (C) Calcium (D) Iron

  35. Answer • (A) Hypocaloric diets

  36. Which of the following is the most common adverse effect of taking methimazole or propylthiouracil to treathyperthyroidism?(A) Hepatitis (B) Agranulocytosis (C) Arthralgia (D) Pruritus

  37. Answer • (D) Pruritus

  38. All women with a low thyrotropin (TSH) level during early pregnancy should be treated for hyperthyroidism.(A) True (B) False

  39. Answer • (B) False

  40. Which of the following is not one of the 3 Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)?(A) Oligo-ovulation or anovulation(B) Clinical or laboratory evidence of hyperandrogenism(C) Polycystic ovaries(D) Presence of acanthosis nigricans

  41. Answer • (D) Presence of acanthosis nigricans

  42. Which of the following statements about treatment of infertility with clomiphene and metformin is incorrect?(A) A meta-analysis found that a combination of the 2 drugs was most effective(B) In a randomized trial, the chance of conception over 6 mo was much higher with clomiphene(C) Metformin is associated with a lower rate of miscarriage(D) Metformin may take longer to work than clomiphene

  43. Answer • (C) Metformin is associated with a lower rate of miscarriage

  44. Which of the following is not a predictor of successful fertility therapy in women with PCOS?(A) High educational level (B) Younger age(C) Lower body mass index (D) Lower hirsutism score

  45. Answer • (A) High educational level

  46. Lean women with PCOS have a lower probability of developing type 2 diabetes than obese women withoutPCOS.(A) True (B) False

  47. Answer • (A) True

  48. Choose the correct statement about Graves disease.(A) More common in men than in women(B) Incidence peaks at age 20 to 40 yr(C) Ratio of triiodothyronine (T3) to thyroxine (T4) increases(D) Concordance rate higher in dizyogotic twins than in monozygotic twins

  49. Answer • (C) Ratio of triiodothyronine (T3) to thyroxine (T4) increases

  50. Which of the following is the most common clinical manifestation of Graves disease?(A) Diffuse goiter (B) Overt ophthalmopathy(C) Infiltrative dermopathy (D) Thyroid achropachy

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