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The Evolution of Group Projects: Reflective Practice goes International. Stuart Umpleby Department of Management The George Washington University. Overview. Assignment: work with a client to improve an organization Source of projects: usually a student, sometimes the instructor
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The Evolution of Group Projects: Reflective Practice goes International Stuart Umpleby Department of Management The George Washington University
Overview • Assignment: work with a client to improve an organization • Source of projects: usually a student, sometimes the instructor • 3-5 students per project
Percentage of projects in recent years • Private companies 24 % • Government agencies 16 % • Universities 21 % • NGOs 39 %
Examples of projectswith businesses • Henninger Media Services ROI project • Marketing of Hotel Villa Ragusa, Croatia • Cultural issues in housekeeping management at the Four Seasons Hotel • Developing a business acquisition strategy for MPR Associates • From prototype to production at Vision III Imaging
Examples of projects with government agencies • Quality improvement methods for the standards authority of Ethiopia • Improving the World Bank’s Thematic Group websites (knowledge management) • Reengineering the Republic of Ghana’s Passport Office • An Economic Advisory Council for Sunshine Uzbekistan
Examples of projects with universities • Cultural preparedness for students going abroad • Orientation for teachers in a School of Nursing at Wuhan University in China • Improving the Humphrey Fellowship Program at a university • Improving a university’s on-line educational program
Examples of projects with NGOs • Increasing cultural competency at Rising Hope United Methodist Church • An Afgan Community Development Program • The compensation and benefits package for an international legal NGO • Increasing participation in the Rwanda Initiative for Sustainable Development
Rationale • The project is the “laboratory” part of the course • The final report describes what was done, using as many concepts from the course as possible • The project is an example of “action research,” “action learning,” “reflective practice,” or “service learning”
Stages in the development of “service learning” in the U.S. • Students work in groups to complete a large assignment • Students do group projects with clients in organizations • The term “service learning” is invented and defined as a pedagogical method • Books and articles on service learning begin to appear in the educational literature • Articles on service learning begin to appear in discipline-oriented journals
Extending SL to other countries • Students work with local clients, 1970s and 1980s • Students work with foreign students via email, early 1990s • Students work with foreign clients via email, late 1990s
A global network of universities • Universities exist in most countries • Student and faculty exchange programs have existed for many years • The internet makes it easy to co-author papers and do joint research with colleagues in other countries • The Bologna Process is standardizing university credits, degrees, and procedures
Encouraging service learning abroad • The Research Program in Social and Organizational Learning (RPSOL) in GW SB has been hosting visiting scholars under State Department programs since 1994 • In addition to their usual work on research and revising curricula, we explain service learning and introduce them to group facilitation methods
Some obstacles to implementing service learning abroad • Low faculty salaries, little time to experiment • Service Learning is not known or understood in many countries, confusion with forced labor • The curriculum (from the Ministry of Education) prescribes teaching methods • The way courses are taught limits teaching methods (students decide to enroll at the end of the course)
Recommendations for removing the obstacles • Adopt service as a mission in addition to education and research • Offer training programs to explain SL • Create incentives and rewards for faculty • Create a positive image of faculty engaged in SL • Modify the curriculum and requirements when necessary to enable SL
Conclusions • With the internet student group projects are often now international projects • Service learning, or reflective practice, can make an important contribution to the development of organizations and countries • SL is interpreted differently depending on the level of development of a country
References • Umpleby, Stuart and Gabriela Rakicevik, "Obstacles to the Adoption of Service Learning in Other Countries." (Paper) • Umpleby, Stuart, "How Graduate Students in Management do Projects with Local and International Organizations." (Paper) • Umpleby, Stuart, and Pavel Makeyenko, "Using Email in International Student Group Projects." (Paper)
Presented by Stuart Umpleby at a panel discussion arranged by the Teaching Effectiveness Taskforce GWU School of Business Washington, DC April 19, 2007