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The Paris Peace Conference

The Paris Peace Conference. Vocabulary:. Total War Fourteen Points Bolshevism Realpolitik Self-determination League of Nations Reparations Collective Security. Important People:. Lloyd George Woodrow Wilson Georges Clemenceau Kaiser Wilhelm II Vittorio Orlando

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The Paris Peace Conference

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  1. The Paris Peace Conference

  2. Vocabulary: • Total War • Fourteen Points • Bolshevism • Realpolitik • Self-determination • League of Nations • Reparations • Collective Security

  3. Important People: • Lloyd George • Woodrow Wilson • Georges Clemenceau • Kaiser Wilhelm II • Vittorio Orlando • Emperor Taisho/Hara Takashi

  4. Aims and Goals: background issues • Aims and goals were fueled not only by war but by pre-war hopes and dreams • Countries that wanted independence or that at revolted needed to be addressed • Things that need to be considered: • 1. The Bolshevik Revolution: new political philosophy in Europe(feared by some) • 2. Great Empires shattered: A.H., Ottomans • 3. A Few Decide: Britain, France and U.S. (Democratic)

  5. Aims and goals con’t… • 4. The war was big on every level: even concepts, “war to end all wars” “To make the world safe for democracy”… • 5. Popular opinion, propaganda and the media • 6. Wilson and his 14 Points: assumed that war could be prevented if people made the effort

  6. The Aims of the participants… • There were two different approaches • 1. new order of international relations for permanent peace • 2. desire to punish those who had caused conflict and to get compensation • I need help thinking of people to represent this concept…Mean Girls, Heathers…I need a genuinely nice example??

  7. The United States - Wilson • The desires of the US were expressed by the 14 points • Reflected ideals of democracy and self-determination • Lacked specifics • Set up League of Nations (forum to settle disputes) • Some punishment of Germany and then they could join the League • Wilson was in Paris for a very long time which took a toll at home

  8. The United Kingdom: Lloyd George • A house divided: Britain fell into two categories • 1. Traditional British Foreign Policy -elimination of the German fleet -end of German Empire -defeat German plans for control of Europe -return to normal European relations, restore British economy to fight Bolshevism -no involvement in alliances (except Alsace-Lorraine for balance)

  9. U.K. • And the Second Camp: non-traditional • Wanted a declaration of German war guild • Wanted Germany to pay extensive reparations $$$ • This reflects some campaign promises…

  10. France… • France was very afraid of Germany’s growing power • France suffered 2 million dead and wounded during war • France territory had suffered as a major battle zone • So France wanted to weaken Germany: • Disarmament • Territory reduction • Heavy reparations to weaken economy • Wanted alliance with UK and US

  11. Italy… • Simple: territorial gains • Wanted territory that had been promised when they entered WWI • Not fans of self-determination if it impacted them • Walked out when denied rights to Dalmatian Coast territories (promised)

  12. Japan… • Did not like self-determination and wanted to secure a larger empire for security and economic reasons • Japan wanted German territories in China • Japan wanted to be “in” with the major players

  13. Germany… • Germany asked for an armistice in Oct. 1918, they had not been defeated or invaded at the time • Some influence of Wilson’s 14 Points… • Germany was not invited to the Conference as they were after Napoleonic Wars in 1815 • Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated and they established a democratic republic in hopes to gain sympathy

  14. …the French people knew what they wanted to write into the treaty of peace-revenge… …”compensation for all they had suffered, and guarantees that a similar war would never happen again… For four years they had believed that the only good German was a dead German. Now they felt that the only safe Germany would be a crippled Germany…” Williamson, D. 2003. War and Peace: International relations 1919-1939, p. 23.

  15. And your homework… • Because we do not have books yet…I will re-issue a weekly reading/outline chart • Due Friday: Select a speech from one Allied leader prior to the PPC. Answer the questions: • 1. what promises did the leaders make? 20 pts • 2. compare the promises/expectations set with their position at the PPC. 20 pts • 3. Was the public aware? How did they react? 20 pts • Don’t forget to cite your sources!

  16. Metacognition and reflection journal… • Reflect on the following: • Should Germany and the other “losers” have attended the PPC? • How do you personally feel about war? Peace? Revenge? • Think of a short playlist for the PPC…mine starts with Summertime Sadness and then goes to Shattered by BDOD…  maybe throw in HELP by the Beatles…

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