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Changes in Education 1

RAB Butler. Changes in Education 1. History of Education 1944 to 1965 Adapted from S Moore. Changes in Education 1944 to 1965. Before - 1944 the school leaving age was 14 (later increased to 15) State schools were under Local Education Authorities (known as LEA’s).

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Changes in Education 1

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  1. RAB Butler Changes in Education 1 History of Education 1944 to 1965 Adapted from S Moore

  2. Changes in Education 1944 to 1965 • Before - 1944 the school leaving age was 14 (later increased to 15) • State schools were under Local Education Authorities (known as LEA’s)

  3. Schools were single sex and had a gendered curriculum Grammar schools were fee paying – (But scholarships were available)

  4. 1944 Butler’s Education ActBrought in the tripartite system (Three parts) Free grammar schools for the academically bright Technical schools for the skilled/artistic There was said to be equal opportunity for all because entry to any school was based on the 11+ ( partly assessed by IQ tests) and all schools were said to have ‘parity of esteem’ Secondary modern schools for everyone else

  5. Problems of tripartite system: • Grammar schools were still dominated by middle class children. • Working class children’s self-esteem was damaged (the perceived them sevels to be ‘failures’) • IQ tests were often culturally biased in favour of white middle class children

  6. Answer the following IQ test question: Which of the following is the odd man out? • Shakespeare • Blake • Dickens The answer is Yes and the questions were sexist and at times ethnocentric! Dickens He is the only one who did not publish poetry

  7. Problems with tripartite (continued) • Not enough technical schools were built • The system was unfair to girls. (i because too few ‘girls’ grammar schools existed in the previous single sex system. ii. Girls were deliberately marked down in 11+exam ) • Regional variations – there were not enough grammar schools in some areas so many bright children were ‘failed’

  8. Because of the above problems: • By the mid 1950’s the tripartite system was agreed to be a failure and waste of talent. • This was because entrance to the different school broke along class (and to an extent gender) lines

  9. This meant that bright working class children were ‘failing’ the 11+ because of biased selection • This led to the introduction of Comprehensive schooling

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