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This article explores the problems of sectional balance in the 1850s, including the Compromise of 1850, Uncle Tom's Cabin, the Know-Nothings, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott v. Sanford, Panic of 1857, Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's raid, and the 1860 Presidential Election.
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The 1850s: Road to Secession By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850 • California statehood. • Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession. • Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: • Personal liberty laws • Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)
HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year. • 2 million in a decade!
The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] • Nativists. • Anti-Catholics. • Anti-immigrants. 1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.
1852 Presidential Election √Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil
“Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians”(pro-slavery Missourians)
“The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Steuart Curry (20c)
Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 • Northern Whigs. • Northern Democrats. • Free-Soilers. • Know-Nothings. • Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
1856 Presidential Election √James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig
What caused thePanic of 1857?? What were itsaffects on the nation?
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine PopularSovereignty?
1860PresidentialElection √Abraham LincolnRepublican John BellConstitutional Union Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat
Republican Party Platform in 1860 • Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers. • Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. • No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. • Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. • Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. • Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].
1860 Election Results
Crittenden Compromise:A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden(Know-Nothing-KY)
Essay Question • Analyze the social, political, and economic forces of the 1840s and early 1850s that led to the emergence of the Republican Party.