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Classification

Classification. Grouping Like Organisms. Objectives & Vocabulary. Vocabulary: Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus Binomial Nomenclature Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species. Objectives: Understand the need for a universally accepted naming system Know Binomial Nomenclature

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Classification

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  1. Classification Grouping Like Organisms

  2. Objectives & Vocabulary • Vocabulary: • Taxonomy • Carolus Linnaeus • Binomial Nomenclature • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Objectives: • Understand the need for a universally accepted naming system • Know Binomial Nomenclature • Know the Seven Levels of Taxonomy and their relationships to each other (simple to complex)

  3. Finding Order in Diversity • 1.5 million species identified • 2-100 million species not discovered yet • To keep track of all this diversity, scientists have an organized naming system

  4. Finding Order in Diversity • Taxonomy –science of classifying organisms and giving each one a universally accepted name • Why do you think it should be universally accepted? What am I called?

  5. Assigning Scientific Names • By the 18th century, European scientists knew they needed a universal system. - Scientists communicate their findings in Latin and Greek, even today!

  6. Early Efforts At Naming • The first attempt at standard scientific names described the physical characteristics of that organism Example: “Oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges.” • Why is this a problem? • too long! • people choose different physical characteristics

  7. Binomial Nomenclature • Carolus Linnaeus • Swedish botanist • Gave us our current naming system • “Binomial Nomenclature” • System where each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

  8. Common Name: Cat Scientific Name: Felis domesticus Genus species What do you notice about how the scientific name is written? First word capitalized Both words italicized Binomial Nomenclature

  9. Scientific Names • Species often describes an important trait of that organism or where it lives • Genus (plural is genera) is a group of closely related species • Common Name: Grizzly Common Name: Polar Bear • Scientific Name: Ursus arctos Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus

  10. Linnaeus’s System of Classification • Hierarchal  consists of levels • Each level is called a taxon (plural = taxa) • From largest to smallest: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species • How can I remember this? • King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup

  11. From simplest to most complex: Monera (Bacteria) Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia 5 Kingdoms of Living Things

  12. Linnaeus’s System of Classification • Grizzly and Polar Bears put them in the same genus. What about the Panda Bear? Grizzly Bear Polar Bear Panda Bear Ailuropoda melanoleuca Ursus arctos Ursus maritimus ** He has enough differences from the other two species that he has been placed in a separate genus

  13. Relationships Between Groups • Genera that share many similarities (like the 3 bears) are grouped into a larger category, Family • Example Family: Ursidae KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies

  14. Relationships Between Groups • Families who share similar traits are grouped into a broader category, Order. • Example Order: Carnivora KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies

  15. What do you think similar orders are grouped into? Class! Carnivora is placed in the class mammalia What is a mammal? Body hair - Produce milk for young -Warm Blooded KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies Relationships Between Groups

  16. Relationships Between Groups • Several classes make up a Phylum • Plural of phylum = phyla • Example: • Class Mammalia is grouped with: Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia & All classes of fishes into phylum Chordata(have dorsal hollow nerve cord/muscular tail) KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies

  17. Relationships Between Groups • All phyla with common characteristics in the broadest group: Kingdom • Ex: All animals are in the kingdom Animalia • Originally Linnaeus named only two kingdoms (Animalia & Plantae) but with new discoveries we now have five kingdoms. KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies

  18. What is the taxonomy of a human? Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primata Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens Common pets’ scientific names: Dog: Canisfamiliaris Cat: Felis domesticus Rabbit: Oryctolagus cuniculus Guinea Pig: Cavia porcellus Horse: Equus caballus Where Do We Fit?

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