An ergonomic approach to CALL motivation The Dynamic, Polytomic and Weighted model (DPW)

1. An ergonomic approach to CALL motivationThe Dynamic, Polytomic and Weighted model (DPW) Françoise Raby LIDILEM & IUFM de Grenoble Grenoble University – France Raby.Francoise@club-internet.fr Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

2. Introduction Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

3. Outline • Part one -Introducing the ergonomic approach, an overview • Theoretical foundations • The ergonomic research method • Part two CALL motivation in an ergonomic perspective • On the way to CALL motivation • The Dynamic, Polytomic and Weighted model Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

4. Part one : the cognitive ergonomic approach • The ergonomic approach, an overview • Ergonomics: an overview • Grounding ergonomics • The ergonomic research methodology and model Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

5. The cognitive ergonomic user-centred approach (Norman, 1993, 1999; Leplat, 2003, Bertin & &al, 2009) • An overview • The Human factors versus the ergonomic approach • Cognitive ergonomics based on • Mental activity (work) • In sophisticated, complex environments : a lot different intelligences interplay • The Task/Activity pair: a powerful construct, dynamic and integrative Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

6. The cognitive ergonomic user-centred approach (Norman, 1993, 1999; Leplat, 2003, Bertin & &al, 2009) • Grounding CALL ergonomics • Mediated activities (Piaget, 1963, 1965; Vytgotsky, 1978; Leontiev, 1988) • In educational contexts (Lantolf & Thorne, 2006; Blin, 2005: Bertin, 2002) • From work environment to work arrangement (dispositif) (Raby, 2009) Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

7. An ergonomic methodology and model • An applied research • An open and integrative theoretical framework because it opens up towards to new conceptualizations Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

8. An empirical blended methodology (Matalon, 1999; Leplat, 2000, Dörnyei, 2007) • Dynamic, longitudinal studies. When you introduce an innovation, you solve some problems but you generate new ones. • A comprehensive approach and a blended methodology • Importance of behaviours and the “descriptive” stage: the self-confrontation methodology • Importance of research tools which helps overcome the researcher’s biases • The field has the upper hand over the theory • A non prescriptive approach: agents have their own motives and rationality • The target language plays an important role: the content matters not just the organisation of work. Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

9. An open and integrative theoretical construct • To meet the challenge of triangulation • A socio-cognitive-linguistic framework Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

10. Part two : Toward the DPW construct of CALL motivation • Building up a motivational CALL construct • First implementation of the construct : teachers ‘ motivation in CALL contexts • A serendipitous trip to demotivation • ESCALE : motivation is weighted and polytomic Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

11. Building up a motivational construct • Factors influencing motivation in CALL context • An ergonomic, dynamic motivational construct Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

12. Motivational factors in CALL situations • Main theories (for a review see Dörney, 2001, 2005, 2008). • The theories that have inspired our empirical work are self determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1982, 1985), Wallerand (1997); goal theory (Dweck, 1989, 1996; Maher & Braskamp, 1986; Norton, 1984); self efficacy theory (Bandura, 1980, 1993, 2002); Work motivation (Frances, 1995, Julkunen, 1999, 2001, Hackerman,) and the ideal self theory (Dörnyei & Ushioda, Eds, 2009) Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

13. The ergonomic, dynamic motivational construct • The construct Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

14. First implementation: teachers motivation in CALL contexts • Cognitive, volitional and affective personal traits interact with external sources fostering work arrangements • Cognitive findings • Motivational findings • Interplay lead to new conceptualizations • Highly dynamic environments • Motivational dissonance Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

15. A serendipitous trip to the world of demotivation • The TELL ME MORE self assisted language learning project • From high expectations to demotivation • The symbolical value of technology and the ideal self (Dörnyei & Ushoida, 2009; Norton, 1995; Marcus, 2006; Higgins, 1987) Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

16. ESCALE : towards a polytomic and weighted construct • The weighted construct • The polytomic construct Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

17. ESCALE - Motivational factors are weighted and polytomic • Technology is weighted • It plays different enhancing functions • The hook function • The regulative function • The restore function • The creative function • The communicative function • Technology, like Aesopus’s tongue, is polytomic Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

18. Far from concluding • Summary of our main findings • Technology is less important than the pedagogical project • Technology plays an important role during task execution because it may help or hamper work-regulation • Technology assumes a high symbolical value in work situations and the creation of work arrangements Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010

19. Food for discussion..... “are not your suffering from the dychotomicsyndrom?” “What of CALL work motivation in the Web2 world ?!” Francoise RABY - CALL MOTIVATION-Antwerp-2010