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CHIN 260 Introduction to Chinese Civilization

CHIN 260 Introduction to Chinese Civilization. Unit 7: Science and Medicine. Four great inventions. Compass – sea navigation Gun powder – war and construction Paper making – script and culture Printing – culture heritage. Compass.

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CHIN 260 Introduction to Chinese Civilization

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  1. CHIN 260 Introduction to Chinese Civilization Unit 7: Science and Medicine

  2. Four great inventions • Compass – sea navigation • Gun powder – war and construction • Paper making – script and culture • Printing – culture heritage

  3. Compass • The South Pointing Chariot was invented by the Yellow Emperor according to the legends. • A "Sinan 司南" from Han period (primitive form of compass before the Song compass)

  4. Compass • The literature about compass was recorded in the great literature Han Feizi during the Warring States Period (206BC-23AD)

  5. Gun powder • Gunpowder was, according to prevailing academic consensus, discovered in the 9th century in China. • This discovery led to the invention of fireworks and the earliest gunpowder weapons in China. 

  6. Paper making • In 105 A.D. Cai Lun, a eunuch during the Eastern Han Dynasty, invented paper from worn fishnet, bark and cloth. 

  7. How paper was made? • The procedures of paper making in Han Dynasty

  8. Printing • Block printing 雕版印刷 was invented in Han Dynasty

  9. 活字印刷 • Bi Sheng 毕升 (970—1051, North Song Dynasty) first introduced movable type printing in the 1040. • He used clay to make movable characters which can be rearranged.

  10. Science • Zhang Heng and Seisometer • Zu Chongzhi and Pi • Abacus

  11. Abacus • Abacus is the calculator in China. • Watch a video about Abacus • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJvNtiRygY8

  12. Zhang Heng and Seismograph • Zhang Heng (78-140 AD) was from Nanyang of Henan Province. • In 132 AD, in the then national capital of Luoyang, Zhang Heng made the ancient seismograph to determine the direction of an earthquake.

  13. It is made of fine copper, and looked like a big cup with a lid. The instrument was cast with eight dragons on the surface (whose heads pointed in eight directions -east, south, west, north, southeast, northeast, southwest, and northwest), and each dragon had a copper ball in the mouth. On the ground below the dragons there were eight copper toads raising their heads and opening their mouths opposite the dragons' mouths. When an earthquake occurred, the dragon facing that direction would open its mouth, and the ball would fall into the toad's mouth

  14. ZuChongzhi and PI • Zu Chongzhi (429-500 AD) was a famous mathematician, astronomer and mechanic in the Southern and Northern dynasties (421-581 AD) •  He worked out an accurate value of PI. • He concluded that the value of PI falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927.

  15. TCM-Traditional Chinese Medicine • With a history of 2000 to 3000 years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has formed a unique system to diagnose and cure illness.  • The clinical diagnosis and treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine are mainly based on the yin-yang and five elements theories. 

  16. The TCM approach treats zang--fu organs as the core of the human body. Tissue and organs are connected through a network of channels and blood vessels inside human body. • The typical TCM therapies include acupuncture, herbal medicine, and qigong exercises.

  17. Zang-fu and five elements

  18. Acupuncture • Traditional Chinese Medicine theorizes that there are more than 2,000 acupuncture points on the human body, and that these connect with pathways called meridians, conducting energy (qi) throughout the body. • In acupuncture, fine disposable needles are inserted at critical points in the body to ensure the smooth flow of qi

  19. These critical acupunture points are called ‘xuewei’

  20. Herbal medicine Herbal medicine – also called botanical medicine or phyto- medicine -- refers to using a plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes.

  21. Buy it (fill the prescription) • Take it home Make it

  22. Now people can buy ready made Chinese medicine in pills or capsules （成药，中草药、中成药）.

  23. Qi-gong and other exercises (five animal exercise, tai-chi, etc.)

  24. Fact list for this unit • China has four great inventions: compass, paper making, gun powder and printing. • The compass was made for warfare and sea navigation. • The discovery of gun powder led to the invention of fireworks and the weapons. • Blocking printing was the first technique and, later, it was replaced by movable type printing. • Paper making is important because it made culture inheritance possible.

  25. Zhang Heng (Eastern Han Dynasty) invented the ancient seismograph. • The seismograph could determine the direction of an earthquake. • The seismograph was made of fine copper. Eight dragons each of which had a ball in the mouth were casted. Eight copper toads were on the ground raising their heads and opening their mouths. • When an earthquake occurred, the copper dragon facing that direction would open its mouth, and the ball would fall into the toad’s mouth. • Zu Chongzhi (Southern and Northern Dynasties) was a great mathematician.

  26. He calculated the value of PI which falls between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. • Abacus is the tool for calculation in China before computer was invented. • Traditional Chinese medicine (TMS) has formed a unique system to diagnose and cure illness. • TMC is mainly based on the yin-yang and five elements theories. • Five elements are: metal, wood, water, fire and earth. They are elements of the universe according to Chinese philosophy.

  27. The five elements generate and constraint each other. • The typical TCM therapies include herbal medicine, acupuncture and qigong exercises. • According the TCM, there are more than 2000 acupuncture points on the human body, and these connect with pathways (meridians) conduction energy (qi) throughout the body. • Acupuncture ensures the smooth flow of qi. • Herbal medicine refers to using plants’ seeds, roots, leaves, barks or flowers for medical purposes.

  28. Assignment for November 5, Unit 7 Science and Chinese medicine • Readings • The four great inventions http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Great_Inventions • Zhang Heng and Seismometer http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/astronomy/tianpage/0012ZhangHeng6539w.html • Zu Chongzhi and Pi http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_26294.htm • Traditional Chinese medicine information page http://www.tcmpage.com/index.html • Internet search: find some interesting resources related to science and medicine.

  29. Assignment and Announcement • The second summary report will be due 11/19. Choose any sub-topic from Unit 5-7 and write a 2-3 page summary report. The requirements are same as summary report 1. Send it to csulbchn260@gmial.com when you finish writing. • On 11/12 the class will be cancelled due to making up Monday’s class (see revised schedule).

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