The Shattered Society 1963-1973

1. The Shattered Society1963-1973 Chapter 24

2. Shattered • President Kennedy assassinated Nov. 22, 1963 • Lee Harvey Oswald • Jack Ruby

3. Shattered • MLK assassinated 1968 • Bobby Kennedy (RFK) assassinated 1968 • Race Riots • Vietnam War escalates • Student Protests

4. Johnson and the Great Society

5. Lyndon B. Johnson becomes president.

6. Texan • Experience, energetic, crafty • Congressman, Senator • Knew how to work with Congress

7. The Great Society • Johnson’s vision to eliminate poverty and inequality • Believed that government was the solution to society’s problems

8. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Ended some racial injustices • Fairer voter registration • No racial discrimination in public buildings • Forced desegregation of public schools • No federal funds to organizations which discriminated against minorities • Created Equal Opportunity Employment Commission – enforce equality in the workplace

9. Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Help blacks have access to the ballot box • Federal officials to states to help blacks register to vote • Literacy tests illegal • Supported the 24th Amendment to the Constitution: No poll taxes

10. War on poverty Office of Economic Opportunity Job Training Job Placement Head Start Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA)

11. 1964 Election Barry Goldwater Lyndon B. Johnson

12. Flood of Legislation • Johnson wins and controls Congress. • Federal aid to education • Medicare – government health insurance for elderly • Tax some people to benefit others (redistribution of income/wealth)

13. The Warren Court – Judicial Activism • Chief Justice Earl Warren • Judicial Activism – broad interpretation of the Constitution to address what justices see as social problems • Which branch makes laws?

14. Warren Court Decisions1953-1969 • Brown v. Board of Education • Gideon v. Wainwright – provide attorney for poor defendants • Miranda v. Arizona – inform suspects of their rights • Engel v. Vitale – banned prayer in public schools • Roth v. U.S. – obscenity not 1st amendment speech, but narrowly defined obscenity

15. Essentially the Supreme Court far exceeded its authority granted under the U.S. Constitution.

16. Evaluating the Great Society • Failure • Why? • Improved the plight of some poor, but poverty remained. • Great strides toward equality, but racism and discrimination remained. • Burdened the nation with debt. • Government cannot solve problems that result because of sin.

17. Johnson & the Vietnam War

18. Vietnam • Eisenhower – 2000 military advisors • Kennedy – 16000 military advisors • Johnson – advisors became combatants

19. Vietnam • Broken Campaign Promise • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - 1964 • Destroyer Maddox attacked by North Vietnamese • Johnson seeks and receives authority to respond to Communist “aggression” in Vietnam. • Actually he had prepared the speech months before the attack and was looking for a reason to escalate the war.

20. Vietnam • By 1968, U.S. had 500,000 troops in Vietnam.

21. Vietnam • North Vietnamese • South Vietnamese Communists– Viet Cong • “Charlie”

22. Why was Vietnam so hard to win? 1. Couldn’t tell friend from foe. 2. Guerilla warfare 3. Couldn’t cut off access to supplies • China, Laos, Cambodia 4. Limited, defensive war strategy

23. Vietnam • http://www.history.com/videos/the-road-to-war#the-road-to-war • General war info – how we got there

24. Tet Offensive • American opposition to the Vietnam War • Johnson’s deception • Afraid people would oppose his Great Society…

25. Tet Offensive • January 1968 • Lunar New Year • Viet Cong infiltrated the cities of South Vietman • 60,000 VC troops attacked every major strategic point in South Vietnam. • U.S. took back the territory • Sudden, heavy losses • Americans thought Communists won

27. Tet Offensive • Now they didn’t believe Johnson because they learned the truth. • After Tet, most Americans began to want OUT of Vietnam rather than to win. • War on civilian population • What would the U.S. have considered a victory? • Was it a realistic expectation?

28. Paris Peace Talks • U.S. goal: preserve South Vietnam as non-Communist • Communist goal: unify Vietnam under communism • Five years of talks while fighting continued.

29. Dogfights: Aces of Vietnam • http://www.history.com/shows/dogfights/videos/dogfights-aces-of-vietnam#dogfights-aces-of-vietnam

30. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsyYvFgdb5c • Forest Gump in Vietnam (10 minutes)

31. Upheaval

32. Racial Conflict 16th St. Baptist Church Bombing • Violence on all sides: blacks, whites, police • 1964 Mississippi Ku Klux Klan murder 3 civil rights workers. • Selma, Alabama white civil rights activists killed by racist extremeists.

33. Racial Conflict • Civil Rights Movement in the North • Increased violence • Northerners approved of Civil Rights when it applied to the south but when it came north, they did not want to integrate their schools & neighborhoods.

34. Urban Riots • Watts Riots (1965) – L.A.: 6 days, 34 dead, 900 injured, $45M damage. • Detroit (1967) – 43 dead, arson Watts, L.A. Detroit

35. Urban Riots • The blacks were destroying their own communities and their own people. • Public opinion changed and fewer people supported their cause. • That’s why MLK’s non-violent civil disobedience was so important in bringing change.

36. Black Radicals • Black Power – black supremacy • Black Panthers • Nation of Islam • Elijah Mohammed • Malcolm X • Fear of race war

37. Radical Youth • Half the population was under 25 years old. • Prosperity, affluence • Question values, then rebellion against those values • Spiritually unsatisfied • Disillusioned

38. Radical Youth • Opposition to Vietnam War – draft • Protest rallies • Control of campus buildings

39. New Left • Students for a Democratic Society – overthrow established institutions • Weathermen – terrorists, bombed buildings

40. Radical Youth • President Johnson bore the brunt of the fury. • Do you think his deception about the war had anything to do with the anger? • Protest Slogan: “Hey, Hey, LBJ! How many kids did you kill today?”

41. Radical Youth • “Much of the energy for the Anti-war movement came from the resistance to authority that is always present in unregenerate man.” P. 573 • Had that authority exceeded its bounds? • Had the authority acted in a manner that undermined its legitimacy? • Compare to American Revolution.

42. Counterculture Hippies • Rooted in rebellion • Rejection of materialism • Rejection of morals & values of previous gen. • “Do your own thing.” • “All you need is love.” • “Don’t trust anyone over 30.”

43. Counterculture • Jeans • Sandals • Long hair & beards • Unrestricted sexual activity • Rock music • Hallucinogenic drugs Woodstock 1969

44. Counterculture

45. Jimi Hendrix • Janis Joplin • The baby boom generation did not find peace or satisfaction through sex, drugs, or rock & roll.

46. Contrast with God’s Word • Can a person live a carefree life without assuming responsibility for his/her actions? • What is true love? • I Corinthians 13 • Psalm 58:3 • Romans 5:12

47. 1968

48. How could America fall from its Post WWII elation, euphoria, unity, sense of success and accomplishment so quickly into distrust, division, and disorder?

49. Johnson decides not to run again. • Robert Kennedy, Eugene McCarthy (antiwar), and Hubert Humphrey (Johnson position) run for the Democrat nomination.

50. Assassination X 2 • MLK 1968 • Memphis, TN • Garbage worker strike • Balcony of hotel • James Earl Ray, white supremicist • Confessed then recanted • 99 years in prison