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Emergency Medical Technician-Basic

Explore the historical journey of emergency medical care from biblical times to modern EMS protocols and the significance of the White Paper in shaping the current EMS system. Learn about personal protective equipment, diseases of concern, stress management, and ethical considerations in emergency medical care.

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Emergency Medical Technician-Basic

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  1. Emergency Medical Technician-Basic Course #B54-01-18

  2. Introduction to Emergency Medical Care • Chapter 1 The EMS System The White Paper Components *Medical Director *Medical Direction

  3. The EMS System • Comprehensive Network of personnel, equipment and resources • In-hospital and out-of-hospital Out-of hospital • Community (CPR) • Dispatch Centers and Dispatchers • EMS Providers • Fire/Rescue and Hazmat • Public Utilities • Resource Centers i.e. poison control center

  4. In-hospital • Emergency nurses • Emergency and specialty physicians • Ancillary services • Rehab services

  5. First Responders • Transport

  6. History of EMS Biblical times • Good Samaritan • Sumerians inscribed clay tablets that provided step-by step instructions for care based on symptoms given • Also instruction on how to create and adm. Medications • Similar to EMS protocols today

  7. The most significant difference between these first protocols and EMS today is a physical exam Egyptologist Edwin Smith • 1862 purchases a papyrus scroll dating to about 1500 B.C.E. • Contained 48 medical case histories arranged in head-to-toe order of severity • Very similar to our PA today

  8. “Book of Wounds” • One section of the scroll • Explains the treatment of injuries such as fractures and dislocations • King Hammurabi • King of Babylon • “Code of Hammurabi

  9. 18th and 19th Centuries • Napoleonic Wars • Chief surgeon Jean Larrey formed the ambulance volante or flying ambulance which focused on providing emergency surgery as close to the battlefield as possible • Horse drawn cart • First to use triage and transport

  10. Clara Barton during the Civil War First civilian ambulance service • 1865 • Cincinnati Ohio • 1869 the New York City Health Dept. Ambulance Service operated out of Bellevue Hospital • Specially designed horse-drawn carts

  11. Staffed with physician interns 20th Century • WWI average evacuation time of 18 hrs. • WWII – battlefield ambulance corp Transported from front line to high level care • There were still delays, often days

  12. Korean and Vietnam Conflicts • Advances were made • Battlefield treatment the air evac In Vietnam often within 10 to 20 minutes Throughout history significant advances occurred during wartime

  13. To 1960 few places in the US had adequate pre-hospital care • Emergency care began in the E.R. • Rescue techniques were crude • Ambulance personnel poorly educated • Equipment miminal

  14. No radio communication between agencies • No medical direction This brings us to. . . . . . .

  15. THE WHITE PAPER • 1966 • “Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society” • Published by National Academy of Sciences, National Resource Council

  16. Medical Director

  17. Medical Direction Off-line On-line

  18. Well-Being of the EMT-B • Chapter 2 Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) Diseases of Concern

  19. Diseases of Concern • West Nile Virus • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (sars) • Avian Flu

  20. Communicable Diseases of Concern • Hepatitis • TB • HIV/AIDS

  21. Infection Control and the Law • Ryan White CARE Act

  22. Emotion and Stress • Physiological Aspects General Adaptation Syndrome

  23. 3 stages • Alarm Reaction: Fight or flight • Resistance: State of normalcy; coping • Exhaustion: Serious illness as a result of the stressor; rare

  24. Stress • Types • Causes • Signs and Symptoms • Dealing • CISM

  25. Acute Stress Reaction: Immediately after or simultaneously at the time of the disaster etc. • Delayed Stress Reaction: PTSD; triggered by a specific incident

  26. Death and Dying Stages • Denial • Anger • Bargaining • Depression • Acceptance Dealing

  27. Scene Safety

  28. Medical/Legal and Ethical Issues • Scope of Practice • Consent and refusal • Other legal aspects

  29. The Human Body (introduction) • Anatomical Terms • Body Systems

  30. Anatomical Terms Anatomical Position Midline Medial Lateral Bilateral

  31. Descriptive anatomical terms • Anterior • Posterior • Ventral • Dorsal • Superior • Inferior • Proximal • Distal • Palmar • Plantar • Mid-Clavicular Line • Abdominal Quadrants

  32. Positional Terms Prone Supine Fowler’s Trendelenberg

  33. Fowler’s Position: Elevating the head at a 45 to 60 degree angle

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