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2.2 Classification of Matter

This article provides an overview of the classification of matter, including the different states of matter, substances, and mixtures. It also discusses the properties of matter, such as physical and chemical properties. Additionally, it explores the changes of matter and various methods of separating different substances.

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2.2 Classification of Matter

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  1. 2.2 Classification of Matter

  2. States of Matter • Solid-Rigid, with a fixed shape and volume. • Liquid-Has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container • Gas-Has no fixed volume or shape – it uniformly fills any container.

  3. Classification of Matter • Substance- a material with definite chemical composition • Element- a substance that contains only one type of atom • Compound- a substance that contains two or more different types of atoms bound together in a fixed proportion.

  4. Mixtures are a blend of 2 or more pure substances • Homogeneous mixtures = same throughout • Solution- mix of liquid and another substance • Alloy- mix of two or more solids

  5. Heterogeneous mixtures = different throughout • Suspension- heterogeneous mixture that settles out over time • Colloid- heterogeneous mixture that does not settle out over time

  6. Properties of Matter • Physical Properties: Properties that are observed or measured without changing a substance • examples: color, size, shape, density, melting point, boiling point

  7. Chemical Properties: • characteristics of a substance that indicate whether it can undergo certain chemical changes • examples: flammability, reaction to light

  8. Changes of Matter Physical Change- does not produce a new substance ex: change in size or state

  9. Chemical Change- produces a new substance • ex: Bubbles (Most of the time) • Solid forms (precipitate) • Change in temperature • Change in color

  10. Separation of Matter • Filtration- poured through filter paper to separate a solid from a liquid • Flotation (density separation)- separation of substances because of varying densities • Crystallization (solubility separation)- If a solid is dissolved in liquid then the liquid is removed and evaporated off until it solidifies

  11. Separation of Matter • Distillation (boiling point separation)- liquid is boiled off and condensed in a collection vial • Chromatography- separation of substances with different polarities by moving them up a paper • Specific Properties- Iron is attracted to a magnet and can be separated

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