Domain 2 Flashcards (41 – 85) “ New Republic through Reconstruction ”

1. Domain 2 Flashcards (41 – 85) “New Republic through Reconstruction”

2. 1st President of the US • Set precedents for future presidents to follow: • Establish cabinet • Title of Mr. President • Retiring after 2 terms • Put down Whiskey Rebellion • Favored non-intervention in Europe and warned against the dangers of foreign alliances and political parties in his Farewell Address. 41. George Washington’s Presidency

3. 2nd US President • Favored non-intervention in Europe, but conflict with Britain and France continued to hurt our economy. • Alien and Sedition Acts were passed to increase citizenship requirements and silence Adams’ opponents (such as VP Jefferson!) 42. John Adams’ Presidency

4. Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from France for $15 million and doubled the size of the US. James Monroe negotiated the deal. • Lewis and Clark led the exploration of the territory to map the land and record info. about American Indians. 43. Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency

5. The War of 1812 began between the US and Britain due to impressment, arming Natives, disrupting trade, and desire to drive the British out of North America. • Results of the war: • American economy grew due to manufacturing • Strong feelings of American patriotism and unity developed (Nationalism). 44. James Madison’s Presidency

6. 1823-President Monroe warned European nations to stay out of affairs of the western hemisphere • This warning is known as the Monroe Doctrine and still serves as a basis for our foreign policy today. 45. James Monroe’s Presidency

7. 46. American System Henry Clay’s plan to expand production in the US: • Protective tariffs to promote US industry • National bank to issue currency & foster commerce • Federally funded roads, canals, and railroads (infrastructure) to help internal trade and agriculture markets

8. 47. Second Great Awakening • 1820s – Protestant religious revival appealing to all classes and spread a message of salvation for all. • Led to reform movements such as temperance, public education, women’s suffrage, and abolition.

9. Movement to drink less, and later to completely outlaw alcohol (prohibition). • Led by Protestants who viewed alcohol as a moral issue that caused poverty and abuse. • Women played an important role, which laid the groundwork for the women’s movement. 48. Temperance

10. Goals of education reformers: • Required school attendance for all children. • Free public education through tax supported schools. • Teacher training programs. 49. School Reform

11. 1800s women were legally and socially inferior to men. • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and the Grimke Sisters led the women’s movement asking for equal rights for voting (suffrage), property ownership, and education. • First women’s rights convention – Seneca Falls, NY 50. Women’s Suffrage

12. Movement to end slavery. • Increased tension between the north and south. • Well known abolitionists: • William Lloyd Garrison • Frederick Douglass • The Grimke Sisters 51. Abolitionism

13. Virginia slave who led a slave revolt on four plantations & killed 60-70 white people. • As a result, whites passed laws to restrict the lives of slaves. 52. Nat Turner’s Rebellion

14. 1820 - In order to keep the balance of free and slave states, Henry Clay created a compromise: • Missouri (slave state) and Maine (free state). • Slavery would not be allowed in the northern part of the Louisiana Territory. 53. Missouri Compromise

15. Andrew Jackson’s presidency (1829-1837). • Strong presidency, weak Congress • Expanded voting rights to all white males. • Supported westward expansion • Used modern campaign tactics that appealed to the “common man”. • Used the Spoils system to appoint his friends to government jobs. 54. Jacksonian Democracy

16. John C. Calhoun resigned as vice-pres. to lead the nullification crisis (over federal tariffs) and was a strong supporter of states’ rights. • This incident led to an increase in sectionalism. 55. Nullification Crisis

17. Sectionalism - Putting your state, or regional needs before national concerns • States’ Rights – Belief that states have rights or powers that the national govt. cannot violate. 56. Sectionialism and states’rights ideology

18. 57. Indian Removal Act • 1830 – Forced American Indians to leave the east and move west of the Mississippi. • The Cherokee appealed to the Supreme Court and won, but Pres. Jackson refused to enforce the ruling. • 1835 – Cherokee surrendered and moved west on the “Trail of Tears”. Thousands died due to starvation, disease, and exhaustion.

19. Belief that the U.S. was destined to stretch across North America “from sea to shining sea”. • Americans believed it was their duty to spread democracy, faith, and western culture westward. 58. Manifest Destiny

20. Big supporter of Manifest Destiny. • Annexed Texas and part of Oregon. • Led US in war against Mexico to gain current southwestern United States. 59. James K. Polk’s Presidency

21. 60. Mexican War • Texas won its independence from Mexico and wanted to be annexed by the US. • The US and Mexico argued over Texas’ southern border. • US wins war and Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildalgo ceded lands in what is now Southwestern U.S.

22. Agreement over slavery in the western territories: • California added as a free state • New states would vote on slavery (popular sovereignty) • Established Texas boundaries and assumed former debt • Slave trade would end in Washington, D.C. • Tougher fugitive slave laws. 61. Compromise of 1850

23. 1854 - Repealed the Missouri Compromise • Created Kansas and Nebraska and allowed popular sovereignty to determine if they would be slave or free states. • Led to violence and showed that popular sovereignty had failed. 62. Kansas –Nebraska Act

24. Dred Scott sued for his freedom after living in a free state. • The Supreme Court ruled against him and gave slavery Constitutional protection: • Living in a free state did not make you free. • Popular sovereignty and the Missouri Compromise were unconstitutional because they interfered with slaveholders’ right to property 63. Scott v. Sanford

25. Famous abolitionist who fought slavery in “Bleeding” Kansas proving that popular sovereignty had failed. • Planned to raid the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia but was caught and executed. 64. John Brown

26. Republican Abraham Lincoln was elected president. • South Carolina seceded from the Union along with MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX to form the Confederate States of America (CSA). VA, AR, TN, NC joined after Fort Sumter. 65. Election of 1860

27. North – more industry, railroads, and people. • South – strong military leadership and profits from cash crops. 66. Comparison of North and South

28. Graduate of West Point Military Academy • Served as US senator, US secretary of war, and President of the Confederacy. • Appointed Robert E. Lee as general in chief of CSA armies. 67. Jefferson Davis

29. One of the last southern forts held by the Union located in Charleston, SC. • April 1861 - The south began shelling the fort until the Union released it. • Signals start of the Civil War. 68. Fort Sumter

30. Graduate of West Point Military Academy. • Professor at Virginia Military Institute. • Robert E. Lee’s 2nd in command of the CSA army • Shot by “friendly fire” and died later. His death hurt Southern morale. 69. Stonewall Jackson

31. 1862-First major battle on northern soil (Maryland) • Deadliest one day battle in US History (26,000 deaths). • Neither side won a clear victory and Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to inspire the Union. 70. Antietam

32. 1863-Lincoln’s executive order to free slaves in the CSA. • Encouraged many slaves to run away to the north. • Hurt the southern war effort by reducing slave productivity. • Boosted morale in the North and gave the war a new purpose (abolition). 71. Emancipation Proclamation

33. Constitutional right to be formally charged with a crime before being imprisoned. • Lincoln used his emergency war powers to suspend this right and imprisoned 13,000 suspected Confederate sympathizers without trial. 72. Habeas Corpus

34. 1863. Three day battle in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. • Deadliest battle (51,000 deaths) • Union victory and Lee gives up attempts to invade the North. • This victory, along with Vicksburg, marks turning point of the war. • Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address 4 months after this battle. 73. Gettysburg

35. Graduate of West Point Military Academy • Offered command of both North and South, but was loyal to home state of VA. • Led CSA at battle of Antietam and Gettysburg *Lee surrenders to Grant to end Civil War. 74. Robert E. Lee

36. 1863 - Grant leads Union to victory at Vicksburg, Mississippi to gain control of the Mississippi River (one goal of the Anaconda Plan) • Cut off Confederate troops and supplies in AR, LA, and TX. This Union victory, coupled with the Union victory at Gettysburg - were turning points of the war. 75. Vicksburg

37. Graduate of West Point • Union general at Vicksburg • Commander of US Army during the last half of the Civil War. • Accepted surrender of Lee to end the Civil War 76. Ulysses S. Grant

38. 1864 – Union victory • Sherman burns this major RR and industrial center then “marches to the sea” • Demonstrates “total war” • Destroyed the South’s will to fight 77. Atlanta

39. Graduate of West Point • Served under Grant at Vicksburg • Destroyed Atlanta and ended the CSA’s ability to fight by his “March to the Sea” • Believed in “total war” 78. William Tecumseh Sherman

40. Suspension of Habeas Corpus • Emancipation Proclamation • Gettysburg Address • 2nd Inaugural Address 79. Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union

41. Presidential Reconstruction: Lincoln and Johnson wanted lenient Reconstruction Plans. • Congressional Reconstruction: The Radical Republicansin Congress wanted the South to be punished for the war and wanted to secure the rights of newly freed blacks. 80. Reconstruction Plans

42. 13th - Abolished slavery • 14th - Granted citizenship and due process • 15th – Granted right to vote to all males over age 21 81. Civil War Amendments (13th, 14th, 15th) *Remember – “Free Citizens Vote”

43. Federal agency established during Reconstruction to help former slaves, poor whites, and American Indians by providing food, clothing, jobs, schools, and hospitals in the south. • Also known as the “Freedmen’s Bureau”. 82. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands

44. Impeachment – Congress charges the president with a crime. • The president must stand trial andmaybe removed from office. • Johnson was charged with violating the Tenure of Office Act. He was tried, but not removed from office. 83. Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment

45. Many white Southerners feared losing political power and used violence against: Southern blacks, Carpetbaggers and Scalawags. • KKK – Group formed to resist Reconstruction. • Black Codes – Discriminatory laws restricting lives of former slaves. • Ex: not allowed to carry weapons, marry whites, or serve on juries 84. Reconstruction Resistance

46. 1876 - Disputed presidential election between Hayes (R) and Tilden (D). • The Compromise of 1877 settled the dispute: • Hayes became president • Union troops removed from the South • Federal money to pay for railroads in the South • Hayes must select a southern Democrat for his cabinet • Reconstruction ended 85. Compromise of 1877