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The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table. Atoms/Elements BONDS Compounds/Molecules. The Periodic Table. View: ‪The genius of Mendeleev's periodic table Lou Serico‬ . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPnwBITSmgU. Current Periodic Table Los Alamos National Lab. http://periodic.lanl.gov/index.shtml.

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The Periodic Table

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  1. The Periodic Table Atoms/Elements BONDS Compounds/Molecules

  2. The Periodic Table View: ‪The genius of Mendeleev's periodic table Lou Serico‬ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPnwBITSmgU

  3. Current Periodic Table Los Alamos National Lab http://periodic.lanl.gov/index.shtml Elements in Song http://chemconnections.org/general/movies/leher-elements.swf

  4. CHEMISTRY of the Atom View: Crash Course / Hank Green https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSyAehMdpyI&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPHzzYuWy6fYEaX9mQQ8oGr

  5. CHEMISTRY of the Atom FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES: MassChargeSymbol Nucleus: • PROTON 1 amu +1 H+, H, p • 1.67 x 10 -27 kg • NEUTRON 1 amu 0 n • 1.67 x 10 -27 kg _________________________________________ • ELECTRON very small -1 e - •  2000 x smaller than a proton or neutron This particle is said to “hold” or “bond” atoms together in molecules.

  6. CHEMISTRY of the Atom https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html

  7. CHEMISTRY of the Atom • Atoms (neutral electrostatic charge: # protons= # electrons) • # Protons = Atomic Number • Atomic Mass = # Protons + # of Neutrons • Isotope: same atomic number but different atomic mass (different # of neutrons)

  8. QUESTION

  9. CHEMISTRY of the Atom View: Radioactivity: Expect the unexpected Steve Weatherall https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJgc28csgV0

  10. Nuclear Decay / Radioactivity • Unstable nuclei “decay” i.e. they lose particles which lead to other elements and isotopes. • The elements and isotopes produced may also be unstable and go through further decay.

  11. http://www.pbs.org/video/2209769748/

  12. Nuclear Particlesemitted from unstable nucleii • Emitted Particles: Mass Charge Symbol • alpha particle 4 amu +2 • beta particle very small -1 • gamma very very small 0

  13. Nuclear Penetrating Power • alpha particle: low • beta particle: moderate • gamma: high • X-rays? Water

  14. Medical X-Rays First Medical X-Ray (1895)

  15. Radioactive Decay

  16. CHEMISTRY of the Atom • Isotopes vary in their relative natural abundance. • Periodic Table’s atomic mass is a weighted average of all isotopic masses • The mass of sodium, Na, element #11 is listed as 22.99 amu. Which isotope is naturally present in the larger amount: the isotope with 12 neutrons or with 13 neutrons? (There is a small percentage of the isotope with 11 neutrons.)

  17. QUESTION Two stable isotopes of an element have isotopic masses of 10.0129 amu and 11.0093 amu. The atomic mass is 10.81. Which isotope is more abundant? A) There is insufficient information to answer the question. B) There are equal amounts of each isotope. C) The isotope with a mass of 10.0129 amu is more abundant. D) The isotope with a mass of 11.0093 amu is more abundant.

  18. CHEMISTRY of the Atom • Atomic Mass of Carbon: • What is the “weighted” atomic mass? 12.00000 x 98.98/100 + 13.00335 x 1.011 = 11.8776 + 0.13146 = 12.0090 12.01

  19. Atomic Symbols 39 K Mass number   Element Symbol 19 Atomic number  39 K Also written as 

  20. CHEMISTRY of the Atom • Atomic Number = 6 (atom’s identity) • Carbon • Atomic Mass = 13 (isotope 13) • 6 protons; # neutrons = 13 - 6 • neutral atom has 6 electrons

  21. QUESTION

  22. Periodic Table Properties & Organization

  23. Periodic Table Properties & Organization http://chemconnections.org/general/movies/html-swf/periodictrends.htm

  24. Periodic Table Properties & Organization http://chemconnections.org/general/movies/html-swf/periodictrends.htm

  25. CHEMISTRY of Atoms / Ions • Atomic Number = 12 (atom’s identity) • Atomic Mass = 24 • 12 protons; # neutrons = 24 - 12 • neutral atom has 12 electrons • Ion contains 10 electrons: symbol? • 12 p+ + 10e- = +2

  26. CHEMISTRY of Atoms / Ions • Atomic Number = 17 (atom’s identity) • Atomic Mass = ? • # protons = ? ; # neutrons = ? • neutral atom has ? electrons • Ion contains 18 electrons: symbol? • 17 p+ + 18e- = -1

  27. Ions • Cation: A positive ion • Mg2+ • Anion: A negative ion • Cl • Ionic Bonding: Force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

  28. QUESTION • Calcium plays several critical roles in the functioning of human cells. However, this form of calcium is the ion made with 20 protons and 18 electrons. Therefore the ion would be… • positive and called an anion. • positive and called a cation. • negative and called an anion. • negative and called a cation.

  29. QUESTION • Of the following, which would NOT qualify as an isotope of 35Cl? • 36Cl • 35Cl– • 37Cl– • 37Cl

  30. Lab Worksheet: Atoms/Ions Circle isotopes of each other and link them with a double headed arrow.

  31. QUESTION Which of these species has the highest number of electrons? A) 20Ca B) 19K+ C) 16S2− D) 15P3−

  32. QUESTION • The ion 45Sc3+ has • A) 24 electrons, 21 protons and 24 neutrons • B) 18 electrons, 21 protons and 24 neutrons • C) 24 electrons, 24 protons and 21 neutrons • D) 18 electrons, 24 protons and 21 neutrons

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