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The Growth of the American Labor Movement

The Growth of the American Labor Movement. Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900. The Changing American Labor Force. Child Labor. Child Labor. “Galley Labor”. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900. The Molly Maguires (1875). James McParland. The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: Pinkerton Agents.

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The Growth of the American Labor Movement

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  1. The Growth of the American Labor Movement

  2. Labor Force Distribution1870-1900

  3. The Changing American Labor Force

  4. Child Labor

  5. Child Labor

  6. “Galley Labor”

  7. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

  8. The Molly Maguires(1875) JamesMcParland

  9. The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: PinkertonAgents

  10. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor • “scabs” • P. R. campaign • Pinkertons • lockout • blacklisting • yellow-dog contracts • court injunctions • open shop • boycotts • sympathy demonstrations • informational picketing • closed shops • organized strikes • “wildcat” strikes

  11. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

  12. Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

  13. Goals of the Knights of Labor • Eight-hour workday. • Workers’ cooperatives. • Worker-owned factories. • Abolition of child and prison labor. • Increased circulation of greenbacks. • Equal pay for men and women. • Safety codes in the workplace. • Prohibition of contract foreign labor. • Abolition of the National Bank.

  14. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

  15. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

  16. The Tournament of Today: A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

  17. Haymarket Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

  18. Haymarket Martyrs

  19. The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

  20. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers • Catered to the skilled worker. • Represented workers in matters of national legislation. • Maintained a national strike fund. • Evangelized the cause of unionism. • Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. • Mediated disputes between management and labor. • Pushed for closed shops.

  21. Homestead Steel Strike (1892) Homestead Steel Works The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers

  22. Big Corporate Profits!

  23. Attempted Assassination! Henry Clay Frick Alexander Berkman

  24. A “CompanyTown”: Pullman, IL

  25. Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

  26. The Pullman Strike of 1894

  27. President Grover Cleveland If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!

  28. The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!

  29. The Socialists Eugene V. Debs

  30. International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

  31. “Big Bill” Haywood of theIWW • Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

  32. The Hand That Will Rule the World One Big Union

  33. Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel” • Mary Harris. • Organizer for theUnited MineWorkers. • Founded the SocialDemocratic Party in 1898. • One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.

  34. Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

  35. The “Bread & Roses” Strike DEMANDS: • 15¢/hr. wage increase. • Double pay for overtime. • No discrimination against strikers. • An end to “speed-up” on the assembly line. • An end to discrimination againstforeign immigrant workers.

  36. Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

  37. The “Formula” unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists

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