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Madagascar periwinkle and Pacific yew

Madagascar periwinkle and Pacific yew. Lizz Cuzzacrea. http://www.cag.uconn.edu/plsc/plsc/images/Pretty_in_rose.jpg. http://oregonstate.edu/trees/conifer_genera/spp/image_big/pyew45.jpg. Madagascar periwinkle. Scientific name : Catharanthus roseus

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Madagascar periwinkle and Pacific yew

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  1. Madagascar periwinkle and Pacific yew LizzCuzzacrea http://www.cag.uconn.edu/plsc/plsc/images/Pretty_in_rose.jpg http://oregonstate.edu/trees/conifer_genera/spp/image_big/pyew45.jpg

  2. Madagascar periwinkle • Scientific name:Catharanthusroseus • Common and other names: Rose Periwinkle, Periwinkle, Vinca, Old-Maid, Ammocallisrosea, Cape Periwinkle, Chang Chu Hua, Church-Flower, Lochnerarosea, Magdalena, Myrtle, Pervenche de Madagascar, Ram-Goat Rose, Ratanjot, Red Periwinkle • Used to be known as Vincarosea http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/plants/apocynaceae/images/enb04741.jpg

  3. Classification Kingdom Plantae – Plants Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants SuperdivisionSpermatophyta – Seed plants Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons Subclass Asteridae Order Gentianales Family Apocynaceae – Dogbane family Genus Catharanthus G. Don – periwinkle Species Catharanthusroseus (L.) G. Don – Madagascar periwinkle

  4. Origin: Madagascar • Cultivated throughout the tropics and subtropics • Grown commercially for its medicinal uses

  5. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CARO14

  6. Seeds http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CARO14

  7. Weed or invasive plant • Perennial and annual • Leaves - glossy, green, oval • Height - ~10 in • Flowers - pink, rose, or white • Sun exposure - direct light or sun • Soil - no rich soils • Drought-tolerant • Humidity/ temperature – moderate humidity and average temps. • Poisonous

  8. Medicinal Uses…before modern research • India - wasp sting • Hawaii - stop bleeding • Central America and parts of South America - sore throats, chest disorders, and laryngitis • Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica and other islands - eyewash • Africa - menorrhagiaand rheumatism • Surinamese - diabetes • Bahamas, Vietnam, Curacao and Bermuda

  9. Scientific Research • Began in mid-1950’s • World War II • Found several toxic alkaloids • Two anti-cancer alkaloids: vinblastine and vincristine

  10. Vinblastine and Vincristine • Dr. Gordon Svoboda with Lilly Corporation • Velban and Oncovin • Hodgkin’s disease and leukemia • Prognosis • Synthetic versions

  11. http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2002/jjones/Content/vincristine.htmhttp://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2002/jjones/Content/vincristine.htm

  12. How the alkaloids work… • Prevents mitosis • Bind to tubulin • Prevents formation of spindles

  13. Threat and Conservation • Madagascar forests • Widely established • Grown commercially • Direct conservation is low priority • Powerful medicinal plant

  14. Pacific yew • Scientific name: Taxusbrevifolia • Common and other names: Western yew • 7 species worldwide http://pubs.acs.org/cen/images/8137/8137coverimagesmall.jpg

  15. Classification Kingdom Plantae – Plants Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants SuperdivisionSpermatophyta – Seed plants Division Coniferophyta – Conifers Class Pinopsida Order Taxales Family Taxaceae – Yew family Genus Taxus L. – yew Species Taxusbrevifolia Nutt. – Pacific yew

  16. Origin: Pacific Coast of North America • Southern Oregon and northern California • Southeast Alaska • Idaho

  17. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TABR2

  18. Seeds http://plants.usda.gov/java/largeImage?imageID=tabr2_008_ahp.tif

  19. Perennial • Climate - range moisture and temperatures • Soil - deep, moist, rich • Slow growth • In situ • Wood - hard and heavy • Flowering/fruiting - dioecious • Damaging agents - heat, frost, wind • Adaptation - needle length and cuticle thickness • Poisonous - alkaloid taxine

  20. http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=259http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=259

  21. Wide variety of uses…before modern research • Archery bows • Canoe paddles • Tool handles • Gunstocks • Boat decking • Furniture • Musical instruments • Carved figurines • Fence posts • Toko poles • Native tribes

  22. Scientific research • 1962 – Arthur Barclay collects Pacific yew stem, bark, and fruit • 1964 – More bark collected and sent to Monroe Wall • 1966 – Taxol is isolated from bark • 1971 – Molecular structure is published • 1979 – Susan Horowitz • 1983-1998 – National Cancer Institure and Bristol-Myers Squibb

  23. Pacilitaxel • Taxol • Structure • Prognosis • Semisynthesis http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2002/jjones/Content/taxol.htm http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8137/8137taxol.html

  24. How it works… • Prevents replication • Binds to microtubules • Inhibits depolymerization • Inhibits breakdown of mitotic spindle • Cancer can’t spread

  25. Threat and conservation • Slow growth • Bark is thin • Many trees to treat one patient • Other species • Overharvesting • Yew bug mite • Finite resource • Continue research

  26. References • Cancerbusters. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Catharanthus/index.html • Catharanthusroseus. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from Floridata: http://www.floridata.com/ref/c/cath_ros.cfm • Catharanthusroseus (Madagascar periwinkle). (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from Kew: http://www.kew.org/plants-fungi/Catharanthus-roseus.htm • Catharanthusroseus. (2011). Retrieved January 2011, from National Tropical Botanical Garden: http://www.ntbg.org/plants/plant_details.php?rid=413&plantid=2497 • Chemotherapy Drugs. (2005). Retrieved January 2011, from Chemocare: http://www.chemocare.com/bio/taxol.asp • Fighting Ovarian Cancer From The Forest. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Taxus/index.html • Madagascar Periwinkle. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from RxList: http://www.rxlist.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=96629&page=2 • Madagascar Periwinkle. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from Suite101: http://www.suite101.com/content/madagascar-periwinkle-a-heat-tolerant-ground-co-a122798 • Madagascar Periwinkle Flower. (2008-2011). Retrieved January 2011, from Guide To Houseplants: http://www.guide-to-houseplants.com/periwinkle-flower.html • Maximizing Returns. (2003, September 15). Retrieved January 2011, from Chemical & Engineering News: http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8137/8137taxol.html • Murray, M. D. (1991). The tree that fights cancer - Pacific yew. Retrieved January 2011, from BNet: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1016/is_n7-8_v97/ai_11012477/pg_3/?tag=content;col1

  27. Ombrello, D. T. (n.d.). Madagascar Periwinkle . Retrieved January 2011, from http://faculty.ucc.edu/biology-ombrello/pow/Madagascar_periwinkle.htm • Pacific (Western) yew. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from http://racerocks.ca/metchosin/trees/pacificyew/pacificyew.htm • Pacific Yew. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_1/taxus/brevifolia.htm • Pacific Yew. (2002-2011). Retrieved January 2011, from Herbs2000: http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_pacific_yew.htm • Pacific yew tree in Prostate Cancer. (2008-2010). Retrieved January 2011, from http://www.prostate-cancer.com/prostate-cancer-glossary/pacific-yew-tree.html • Petursson, H. (2003). The Biogeography of TaxusBrevifolia, Pacific Yew. Retrieved January 2011, from http://bss.sfsu.edu/holzman/courses/Fall%2003%20project/PacificYew.htm • Plants Database. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from USDA: http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CARO14 • Plants Database. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from USDA: http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TABR2 • Rose Periwinkle. (2000-2011). Retrieved January 2011, from Dave's Garden: http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/185/ • Rosy Periwinkle. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_periwinkle.htm • Taxol. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2002/jjones/Content/taxol.htm • Taxol - The drama behind total synthesis. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from http://www.org-chem.org/yuuki/taxol/taxol_en.html • Taxol. (2007). Retrieved January 2011, from National Historic Chemical Landmarks: http://acswebcontent.acs.org/landmarks/landmarks/taxol/disel.html • Taxusbrevifolia. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from VirginiaTech: http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=259 • Taxusbrevifolia. (2011). Retrieved January 2011, from Native Plant Database: http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=tabr2 • Vincristine/Vinblastine. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2011, from http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2002/jjones/Content/vincristine.htm

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