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Terrorism. . What is terrorism?. Using force to intimidate or coerce society to advance a social or political agendaCreating change through violenceDestabilize society
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1. Special Problems
2. Terrorism
3. What is terrorism? Using force to intimidate or coerce society toadvance a social or political agenda
Creating change through violence
Destabilize society & make authorities seemineffective
Break a far more powerful enemys will byfear, psychological exhaustion and attrition
Example: Soviet experience in Afghanistan
A way for powerless groups to multiply their force
Methods
Individual terror: assassinations and kidnappings
Mass terror: Bombings in public places
Guerrilla warfare
4. What propelsterrorism? Political elite in tight control
Large group that...
Is socially & economically deprived
Has little opportunity to influence policy
Opposition develops
Revolutionary vanguard with a dynamic leadership
Explanatory ideology, with justifications for violence
Recruitment of the dissatisfied, disenchanted and disenfranchised
Governments can lay the seeds of their own destruction
Corruption
Over-response & failure to respond
Missteps can diminish support from public, police and military
5. Historical examples Russian Revolutionary terrorism Italian left-wing terrorism (Red Brigades) German left-wing terrorism(Baader-Meinhof) Cuban revolution Argentine Montoneros Peruvian Shining Path Northern Ireland (IRA v. the Loyalists) Present places of concern Ukraine & Georgia Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Palestine Pakistan & Afghanistan And on and on...