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Youth Employment. Student Name Social Science 193B Winter 2005. In July 2004:. General Background. ~ 21.4 million youth employed. ~ 69.9% Caucasians. Insert a diagram that could be attractive here. ~ 57.7% African Americans. ~ 62.6% Latinos. ~ 52.3% Asians. ~ decreased 55.5% women.
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Youth Employment Student Name Social Science 193B Winter 2005
In July 2004: General Background ~ 21.4 million youth employed ~ 69.9% Caucasians Insert a diagram that could be attractive here ~ 57.7% African Americans ~ 62.6% Latinos ~ 52.3% Asians ~ decreased 55.5% women ~ increased 62% males (Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S Department of Labor)
The Committee on the Health and Safety Implications of Child Labor proposed a state law limiting students to 20 hours a week to allow enough time for school work and a successful academic performance
Statement of the Problem Due to the increase of youth employment, researchers speculate problems: CHANGE ORDER OF LIST ~ familial closeness decreases – 1st ~ academic achievement decreases 2md ~ exposure to drugs and alcohol increases – 4th ~ youth are not finding pertinent jobs – 3rd
Familial Influence Disadvantages: • Work gives students less time with the family Advantages: • Acquisition of skills alleviates stressors, as well as increase confidence and self-efficiency • Students from poorer backgrounds must usually give their paycheck to the family
Academic Performance Inverted U Theory -less likely to complete high school -lower GPA than unemployed students Socio-Motivation - motivation to do well in school - low paying minimum wage jobs
Employment Sought Drug Exposure • expose to greater network • Free meals • Employee discounts • work conditions increase stress levels • Fun environment • greater rate of substance abuse among employed youth can be attributed to having access to income • Flexible schedules • Good pay
MethodologySite Selection • Irvine Youth Employment Services is a FREEservice offered through the City of Irvine, Community Services department. • The program assists youths age 16 to 25 with finding jobs and local employers with finding qualified applicants. IYES matches 700 participants each year with local Orange County Employers
Methodology Eileen Caliva Week 1- Wed Youth Employment 1:30-5:00pm As I walked into the office, I immediately walked towards my desk are to prepare for my 2:00 appt. Client A walks into the office. A is a 17 year oldCaucasian girl. She is currently a junior at Irvine High School. A: Hello! I'm here to look for a job. Can you help me? FIELD NOTE EXAMPLE • Field observation • Extensive field notes • Enumeration tables • Client Description • Demographic surveys • Open-ended surveys
Sample Survey Questions Demographic Survey • What is your family income? • Household structure? • What is your ethnicity? • Class standing? • Gender? • Highest intended? degree? Open-Ended Survey • What benefits do you hope to gain from employment? • What are your educational goals after graduating high school? • What are your reasons for seeking employment?
Data Analysis Field Notes • Decoding- Field Notes Demographic Surveys Open-ended Surveys • Findings themes and correlations • Matrices • Tally sheets • Triangulation Demographic & Open-ended Surveys Finding themes And correlations Matrices Tally Sheets FINDINGS
Participants By City Average income for Irvine residents is $62,469 Unemployment rate for Irvine residents is 3.7% vs. Average income in Santa Ana is $36,962 Unemployment rate for Santa Ana is 5.8%.
Model Family Pressure Family Income Academic Future Goals Youth Employment # of Siblings School Hours Worked
Familial Influence - How do you believe employment will affect your family relationships? “ I think it would improve my family relationship because I get to support my family with the check I get” – 17 years old Is there family pressure to find employment? Yes 14 Somewhat 7 No 12 Negatively affect family relationships? Yes 1 No 17
FindingsAcademic Performance How do you feel employment will affect your academic performance? It won’t 14 Make me lazy to do homework 1 Affect me a little bit 2 (Make life a little more hectic) Teach me more patience 1 Make me more responsible 1 Teach me time management 1 “ No, not at all! I mean, I come home and do my homework and that doesn’t take too long. The rest of the time I’m just playing video games anyway.”- 15 years old
Irvine High School Statistics "College is a goal for ninety-five percent of the freshmen entering Irvine High School. Approximately fifty percent of our graduating seniors enter a four year university, forty-five percent enter a community college for transfer to a university or a trade/technical school, and five percent go from school to work or military service." (http://irvinehigh.org/information/wasc)
FindingsEmployment Sought “ I get really good discounts on my clothes?! I just hope all the money I make won’t go into me shopping at the store!” – 16 years old
Research Limitations • Limited to one location • Limited on time – lack of longitudinal study • Because researcher is a part of the IYES team, participants might be afraid to answer some questions truthfully
Research More data needs to be collected from a diverse and wide range of participants Longitudinal studies need to be conducted in order to receive better accurate information Practice Employment agencies and school need to provide resources for students to gain experience (not just fast food, retail, etc.) Schools and parents need to take responsibility of their students/children and follow up on academics during employment Employers need to be flexible and open with student workers and follow the hourly laws Implications
