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Review Ancient World

Explore the vibrant history and key concepts of ancient civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China. Learn about cultural diffusion, Neolithic Revolution, social structures, and contributions that shaped our world. Delve into the fascinating dynamics of government, economy, and daily life during these classical eras.

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Review Ancient World

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  1. Review Ancient World

  2. Vocabulary • 1. Cultural Diffusion: Exchange of goods, customs and ideas among cultures. • 2. Neolithic Revolution: Changing in the way man got food. From hunting and gathering to domesticating of animals. • 3. Polytheistic: Belief in many gods.

  3. Early People: Paleolithic Era

  4. How did they gather food? • Moved from place to place, hunting and gathering (nomads)

  5. How did they adapt to their environment? • Made simple tools and weapons. Used fire for warmth and cooking. • Developed language.

  6. What were their spiritual beliefs? • Began burying their dead with care. • Showed they believed in the afterlife.

  7. Describe the patterns of migration. • Belief that earliest people lived in East Africa. • Old Stone Age, people migrated North and South into Europe and Asia. • Eventually some migrated over the land bridge into North America.

  8. Causes of the Neolithic Revolution: • 1. Warm weather allowed plants to grow where ice was. • 2. Learning how to domesticate plants and animals.

  9. How did the Neolithic Revolution change lives? • Lived in permanent settlements as they no longer had to move from place to place.

  10. Characteristics of Early Civilizations

  11. Cities and Government • Cities developed in river valleys where crops can be grown. • Governments set up to avoid chaos, making sure food was produced for everyone.

  12. Traditional Economy • Based on farming. • Skilled craftspeople.

  13. System of writing • Early writing was done with pictures (simple drawings).

  14. Job Specialization and Social Classes • People specialized in 1 job because you couldn’t master all of them. • People became ranked by their job.

  15. Art and Architecture • Temples and Palaces.

  16. Early River Valley Civilizations

  17. Egypt: • Geographic Setting: • Along the Nile River.

  18. Religion: • Polytheistic (many Gods).

  19. Government: • Pharaoh was ruler. Usually passed on to a family member. • Ruling families were called dynasties.

  20. Social Structure: • Pharaoh and family highest. • Bottom was peasant farmers and slaves. • Women had higher status than most in ancient times.

  21. Contributions: • Learned about human body. • Diagnose illnesses and performed surgery. • Calendar. • System of writing. • Temples and Pyramids.

  22. Mesopotamia

  23. Geographic Setting: • Fertile Crescent by Tigris and Euphrates.

  24. Religion: • Many powerful Gods and Goddesses closely tied to nature.

  25. Government: • Hereditary ruler who was seen as the chief servant of Gods.

  26. Social Structure: • Distinct social classes. • Highest was the ruling classes.

  27. Economy • Grew rich from trade. • Traders traveled along the river and over the desert.

  28. Contributions • 1st wheeled vehicle. • Irrigation systems. • Cuneiform. • Developed algebra and geometry.

  29. Significance of Code of Hammurabi: • 1st major collection of laws in history. • Favored higher classes. • Eye for an eye

  30. Indus River Valley • Geography: • Indian Subcontinent. • Surrounded in north by mountains, limiting contact. • Relied on monsoons to bring rain.

  31. Important Cities • Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro • Built with a grid like system with each city dominated by a structure on a hill.

  32. China • Geographic Setting: • River Valleys of the Huang He (Yellow) and Yangzi)

  33. Government • Clans controlled land. • Set up dynasties.

  34. Contributions • Written systems (pictographs)

  35. Classical Civilizations

  36. Mandate of Heaven • Right to rule by God. China and their dynasties.

  37. Asoka • Peaceful ruler of the Maurya dynasty. (India)

  38. Direct Democracy • People actually vote directly for laws.

  39. Hellenistic • Blending of cultures of Persia, Greece, India and Egypt.

  40. Republic • Officials chosen by the people to represent them and make decisions.

  41. Senate • Most powerful governing body of the Roman Republic.

  42. Patrician • Members of landholding upper class in Rome.

  43. Plebian • Most of the population in Rome (farmers, merchants, artisans, traders).

  44. Pax Romana • 200 year period of peace in Rome.

  45. Laws of 12 tables • Written laws demanded by Plebeians in Rome.

  46. Silk Road • Trade route connecting China and Mesopotamia.

  47. Ancient Chinese Civilizations

  48. How does a dynasty lose its Mandate of Heaven? • When things start happening or the government starts doing things that make people angry. • Examples include when they treat people unfairly, and they stop protecting people, so things like floods, earthquakes, peasant revolts happen.

  49. Contributions of China • Zhou dynasty: • how to make books, silk, accurate calendar. • Han Dynasty: • Paper out of wood pulp. • Wheelbarrow. • Rudder. • Anesthesia. • Texts in zoology, botany and chemistry.

  50. Who was Asoka? Why is he important? • He followed Buddhism, turning India to Buddhism when he was leader. • He united the diverse people of the empire.

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