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Immunoglobulin: Isotypes, Allotypes and Idiotypes

This article explores the definitions, locations, occurrences, and importance of immunoglobulin isotypes, allotypes, and idiotypes in the context of immunology. It delves into the antigenic determinants, genetics, and roles of these different types of immunoglobulins.

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Immunoglobulin: Isotypes, Allotypes and Idiotypes

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  1. Immunoglobulin:Isotypes, Allotypes and Idiotypes

  2. Immunoglobulin Isotypes • Definition - Antigenic determinants that characterize the classes and subclasses of heavy chains and types and subtypes of light chains

  3. Immunoglobulin Isotypes Human IgM Reacts with IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE ?? antiserum React with IgG, IgA, IgD and IgE ?? Absorbed antiserum Reacts only with IgM Recognizes determinants specific for  heavy chains (isotypes) ??

  4. IgG1 (kappa) IgM (kappa) Immunoglobulin Isotypes • Definition • Location • Occurrence • Importance • Ig levels • B cell tumors • Immunodeficiencies

  5. IgG1 (kappa) Person 1 IgG1 (kappa) Person 2 Immunoglobulin Allotypes • Definition - Antigenic determinants specified • by allelic forms of the Ig genes • Source of anti-allotypic Abs • Location • Occurrence

  6. Human Immunoglobulin Allotypes • Nomenclature • G1m(3) • Km(1)

  7. Human Immunoglobulin Allotypes • Genetics (alleles) • Co-dominant • autosomal genes Km(1)/Km(3) X Km(1)/Km(1) Km(1)/Km(1) and Km(1)/Km(3) • Allelic exclusion

  8. Human Immunoglobulin Allotypes • Genetics (pseudoalleles) • Co-dominant G1m(17) G1m(1) 214 355-358

  9. Immunoglobulin Allotypes • Definition • Location • Occurrence • Importance • Monitoring bone marrow grafts • Forensic medicine • Paternity testing

  10. Immunoglobulin Idiotypes • Definition - Unique antigenic determinants present on individual antibody molecules or on molecules of identical specificity

  11. Immunoglobulin Idiotypes Strain A Mouse Anti-DNP Ab DNP-BSA Ab against combining site of anti-DNP Ab Strain A Mouse Purified anti-DNP Ab ?? Antigenic determinants created by the HVR = Idiotypes

  12. Immunoglobulin Idiotypes • Definition • Location IgG1 (kappa) Person 1 anti-A IgG1 (kappa) Person 1 anti-B

  13. Immunoglobulin Idiotypes • Definition • Location • Importance • V region marker • Regulation of immune responses

  14. Regulation by Id/anti-Id + + Ag Id anti-Id anti-anti-Id - -

  15. Immunoglobulin Idiotypes • Definition • Location • Importance • V region marker • Regulation of immune responses • Vaccines

  16. + + Ag Id anti-Id Ag Id anti-Id - Anti-Idiotype Vaccines

  17. Immunoglobulin Idiotypes • Definition • Location • Importance • V region marker • Regulation of immune responses • Vaccines • Treatment of B cell tumors (T cell)

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