Unit 3 Vocabulary

Unit 3 Vocabulary The _________ wall hanging sat in the catacombs for several centuries collecting dust. It is my impression that illiteracy is a(n) _____________; therefore, the nation needs to come together in order to rectify the issue. Several __________ pigeons fluttered around my head waiting to get a piece of my sandwich. Many of the __________ used in the ceremony were placed in the wrong box. Typhoid is considered a(n) _________ in third-world countries. The old, crotchety mother is a(n) _____________ character found in many short stories involving a princess. Establishment is frequently used by political scholars and analysts around the world to explain the powerful military-dominant _____________ in Pakistan.

Quickwrite Read the following quotes. Select one, and write down your interpretation, analysis, and/or thoughts about its message. • “Fill your paper with the breathings of your heart.” -Wadsworth • “The best thing one can do when it's raining is to let it rain.” - Longfellow • “Perseverance is a great element of success. If you only knock long enough and loud enough at the gate, you are sure to wake up somebody.” - Longfellow

American Romanticism1800-1860 • Romanticism is the belief that feelings and intuition are more valuable than reason. (truth through imagination) • Began in Germany and spread to the rest of Europe and England. • Developed as a reaction against rationalism. • Poetry was considered the highest embodiment of the Romantic imagination. (a contrast to science)

Romantic Escapism • Romantics wanted to rise above their “dull” realities to find a higher truth. • They accomplished this in two ways: • The searched for the exotic or faraway places that may or may not have existed. They looked to legends and folklore for these settings. • Reflected on the natural world to reveal its truth and beauty. • Romantics found that the natural world led to an emotional and intellectual awakening.

The American Novel and Our Fascination with The West • The birth of the American novel coincided with westward expansion, growing national pride, and the rise of industrialism. • Town, country, and frontier were and still are important settings in the American novel.

James Fenimore Cooper(1789-1851) • American novelist who wrote stories about uniquely American settings and characters such as: frontier communities, Native Americans, and the American wilderness.

The American Hero • Cooper created the character of Natty Bumppo, also known as, Hawkeye, Deerslayer, and Leatherstocking. • He had superhuman resourcefulness which marked him as a Romantic.

Two Types of Heroes Rationalist Romantic Youthful Innocent Intuitive Close to nature • Worldly • Educated • Sophisticated • Wanted to join the civilized world.

Today’s Romantic Heros • Lone Ranger • Superman • Luke Skywalker • Indiana Jones

American Romantic Poetry • While American Romantic novelists were breaking the mold, American poets clung to the traditions and themes that were typically English. • The most famous of these poets were called the Fireside Poets because their works were read by the hearth as family entertainment. These poets included: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, John Greenleaf Whittier, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and James Russell Lowell.

Transcendentalists • Transcendental refers to the idea that to discover God, one must move beyond the everyday experience in the physical world. • Transcendentalists believed in human perfectibility and worked toward achieving this goal.

Emerson The Optimist • Was the most influential and best-known member of the Transcendentalist group. • An intense feeling of optimism arose from the idea that God is directly in nature. • God is good and works through nature. • Emerson’s hope appealed to his audience because of general discontent that was caused by economic downfall, the conflict over slavery, and regional strife.

The Darker Side • The Dark Romantics such as Poe and Melville did not agree fully with Transcendental thought. • They did not believe that nature was good or harmless. • Their ideas sprang from the grim understandings of Puritan thought. • Their works explored the conflict between good and evil, the psychological effects of sin and guilt, and madness. • They did believe in intuition over reason like Transcendentalists and other Romantics.

Jigsaw Outline (p. 304-313)Create an outline of your section for students to record. • Groups: I. Historical Context (3) II. Cultural Influences (3) III. Ideas of the Age (3) IV. Romantic Literature A. Early Romantics (3) B. Fireside Poets (3) C. Transcendentalist (3) D. American Gothic (3) Sample Outline • Historical Context • Spirit of Exploration 1. Westward Expansion 2. Manifest Destiny • Growth of Industry

A Psalm of Life (344) WHAT THE HEART OF THE YOUNG MAN SAID TO THE PSALMIST Tell me not, in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream ! — For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem. Life is real ! Life is earnest! And the grave is not its goal ; Dust thou art, to dust returnest, Was not spoken of the soul. Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, Is our destined end or way ; But to act, that each to-morrow Find us farther than to-day. Art is long, and Time is fleeting, And our hearts, though stout and brave, Still, like muffled drums, are beating Funeral marches to the grave. In the world's broad field of battle, In the bivouac of Life, Be not like dumb, driven cattle ! Be a hero in the strife ! Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant ! Let the dead Past bury its dead ! Act,— act in the living Present ! Heart within, and God o'erhead ! Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time ; Footprints, that perhaps another, Sailing o'er life's solemn main, A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall take heart again. Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate ; Still achieving, still pursuing, Learn to labor and to wait.

Unit 3 Vocabulary