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Comprehensive Guide to Appendicular Muscles: Upper & Lower Limbs

Explore important upper and lower limb muscles, their origins, insertions, and actions. Identify key muscles like Deltoid, Triceps brachii, Sartorius, Gastrocnemius, and more. Learn about structures such as tendons and the Iliotibial tract.

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Comprehensive Guide to Appendicular Muscles: Upper & Lower Limbs

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  1. Chapter 12 Appendicular muscles

  2. Upper limb muscles to know and identify • Shoulder: Deltoid (sometimes referred as axial muscle). • Upper arm (brachium): Biceps brachii, Triceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis

  3. Upper arm

  4. Forearm muscles

  5. Lower limb muscles to know and identify • Upper leg: Sartorius, Tensor fasciae latae, Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Gracilis, Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosis. • Lower leg and calf: Tibialis anterior, Gastrocnemius, Soleus

  6. Quadriceps femoris group • Rectus femoris • Vastus medialis • Vastus lateralis • Vastus intermedius

  7. Hamstring muscle group • Biceps femoris • Semimembranosis • Semitendonosis

  8. Muscles of lower leg

  9. Appendicular muscles to know origin and insertion • Biceps brachii - Rectus femoris • Triceps brachii - Biceps femoris • Sartorius - Deltoid - Gastrocnemeus

  10. Biceps brachii • Origin: SH coracoid process; LH supraglenoid tubercle • Insertion: Radial tuberosity • Action: flex elbow and shoulder

  11. Triceps brachii • Origin: Lat H: Sup, lateral margin of humerus; LH: Infraglenoid tubercle; Med H: Post humerus • Insertion: Olecranon of ulna • Action: Extension at elbow

  12. Deltoid • Origin: Clavicle, scapula acromion and spine • Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus • Action: Abducts shoulder; flexion and rotation of humerus; extension and lateral rotation of humerus

  13. Rectus femoris (Quads) • Origin: Ant iliac spine and sup. margin acetabulum • Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity • Action: Extension of leg at knee; flex thigh at hip

  14. Sartorius • Origin: Ant, superior spine of ilium • Insertion: Medial aspect tibial tuberosity • Action: Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh at hip; flexes knee

  15. Biceps femoris (Hamstrings) • Origin: LH: ischial tuberosity; SH: linea aspera of femur • Insertion: Head of fibula • Action: Flexes knee; extends hip; laterally rotates leg

  16. Gastrocnemius • Origin: Lateral condyle and popliteal surface of femur • Insertion: Calcaneus via achilles tendon • Action: Flexes knee and plantar flexion of foot

  17. Structures to know and identify • Tendons • Galea aponeurosis • Linea alba • Iliotibial tract • Calcaneal “achiles” tendon

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