Canada’s Aboriginal Population

1. Canada’s Aboriginal Population

2. Canada’s Aboriginal Population • Explain the legal meaning of each of the following terms, and then organize them in your chart like the one below: Aboriginals, First Nations, Inuit, Métis, Status Indians, Non-Status Indians

3. Types of Aboriginals • Aboriginals: descendants of Canada’s first inhabitants • First Nations: a group of Aboriginal people who share the same culture and heritage • Inuit: A member of an indigenous people of northern Canada • Métis: one of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who trace their descent to mixed First Nations and European heritage

4. Types of Aboriginals • Status Indian: a member of a native Canadian people who is registered as an Indian under the federal Indian Act • Non- Status Indian: any First Nations individual who for whatever reason is not registered with the Federal government, and/or is not registered to a band which signed a Treaty with the Crown

5. Types of Aboriginals

6. Types of Aboriginals Inuit Métis First Nations

7. Types of Aboriginals

8. Types of Aboriginals Distribution of the urban Aboriginal population, 1996 and 2006 First Nations Métis Inuit

9. Treaties Aboriginal peoples have had a complex and often difficult relationship with the non-Aboriginal peoples (mainly Europeans) who have come to Canada over the last 500 years. As it became obvious to the Aboriginal peoples that they were becoming a small minority in their own land, they signed agreements called treaties with the Europeans, hoping to accomplish two goals: • Maintain an economic base (retain land) • The rights to control their own affairs

10. Treaties • List the two main treaties that existed during early settlement. • Explain in detail the two main problems caused by these treaties.

11. Treaties • Royal Proclamation of 1763 • The Indian Act, 1867 Problems: • Aboriginal peoples lost enormous amounts of land, especially in southern and central Canada where the land is most productive. • Aboriginal peoples lost their right to govern themselves.

12. Treaties Today • Comprehensive Claim: claim available to First Nations who have never signed treaties in the past that deals with many issues, including land ownership, self-government, ownership and control of resources, hunting/fishing/trapping rights, and financial compensation • Comprehensive Treaty: First Nations land treaty negotiated in an area where no other treaty has ever been signed, i.e., the first treaty for that area • Specific Claim: First Nation’s claim based on a belief that the government did not fulfill its obligations under a treaty or other agreement related to land, money, or other assets

13. Land Claims in Canada

14. Location of Indian Reserves

15. Location of Indian Reserves Garden River First Nations Reserve – Garden River, ON (Northwestern Ontario)

16. Learning About Nunavut Read the Case Study about Nunavut on pages 206-212. Answer the following questions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Questions must be typed and submitted for evaluation.