Four Worlds of History

1. Four Worlds of History Attention all recipients of this file: First, thank you for opening this powerpoint and considering using it!  Whether the file was sent to you directly from Teresa or relayed by a colleague, CALIS and USC rely on your professionalism for proper credits and sourcing: Materials developed by or through CALIS are made available online via a database that serves as a digital file cabinet of teaching resources. The Activities Database is a free resource in support of teachers, students, and curriculum reform. When teachers or other CALIS partners write, adapt, or collaborate on materials—they are cited. The source information includes their affiliated schools or organizations. As others download and further adapt these materials—all credit and source lines, for teachers as well of for USC CALIS, should remain in tact as the original source. Slides that refer directly to items on the CALIS Activities Database have the item referenced. The latest version of this file is available at: http://dornsife.usc.edu/calis/4wh-powerpoints/ Teresa Hudock, Director, CALIS 213-740-7794 or calis@usc.edu usc.edu/calis Initial Launch: Sept 9, 2014 This Edition: Sept 11, 2014 Slide Count: 37

2. Four Worlds of History Medieval & Early Modern World History7th grade Table of Contents  Main Items & Issues 3 – Social Science Factors – clarifying the purpose & priorities of the 4W model 7 – Content Standard 7.2 – Civilizations in the Middle Ages: Islam 9 – Focus Question // Establishing Relevance – Governance, Identity and Religion 11 – 4W of Peaceful Transfer of Power 13 – Religious Demographics – Major Religions & Religious Sects 15 – Timeline: Birth of Five Major World Religions 27 – Identity: Who is Ibn Battuta?  Who are You? 33 – Arab Spring 35 – Inference Exercise (Quote Activity) – Active Reading to Organize/Analyze Info

3. Four Worlds of History Social Science Factors basic factors of the human condition that are important to recognize …regardless of how they are described AND that are important to recognize …when they are missing 3

4. Four Worlds of History Social Science Factors Identifying factors, relating factors, and determining the “most important" factors is the science of the social sciences . social sciences the science

5. Four Worlds of History Social Science Factors The absolute PRIORITY of the 4W model purposeful meaningful relevant critical elements of being student-centered 5

6. Four Worlds of History Social Science Factors The absolute PURPOSE of the 4W model student-driven analysis toward independent critical thinking critical elements of being student-centered 6

7. California HSS Content Standards 7.2 Students analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of the civilizations of Islam in the Middle Ages. analyze economic political geographic social structures religious 4. Discuss the expansion of Muslim rule through military conquests and treaties, emphasizing the cultural blending within Muslim civilization and the spread and acceptance of Islam and the Arabic language. Focus Question? Writing Prompt? How did the Islamic Empire expand? What factors were most important? Focus Factors: • identity • belief systems • demographics Relevance? What are the connections? Past  Present  Personal 7 7

8. Identify & Relate Factors Information Management Analysis & Critical Thinking the science of the social sciences 8

9. Organize information then infer and relate factors How did the Islamic Empire expand? What factors were most important? The Expansion of Muslim Rule Build on What You KnowYou might have seen on the television news that when a leader dies or resigns, a power struggle follows to determine his or her successor. After Muhammad died, several groups fought for control of the Muslim world. In 661, the Umayyad family won this power struggle. The Umayyads built a great empire with Damascus (located in present-day Syria) as its capital. 9 9 Source: World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times, McDougal Littell, 2006, pages 113 –115. Chapter 4: The Rise of Muslim States, Lesson 1: The Expansion of Muslim Rule

10. RELEVANCE The Expansion of Muslim Rule Build on What You KnowYou might have seen on the television news that when a leader dies or resigns, a power struggle follows to determine his or her successor. After Muhammad died, several groups fought for control of the Muslim world. In 661, the Umayyad family won this power struggle. The Umayyads built a great empire with Damascus (located in present-day Syria) as its capital. news power struggle present-day Syria Wait! Who has heard about power struggles in the news? What types of governments have a peaceful transfer of power? What is sectarian conflict? What has been happening in Syria in the last 3½ years? 10 10

11. What types of governments have a peaceful transfer of power? rule of law Governments based on… constitution If the transfer of power is not clear, thenwhat are the likely outcomes? • power struggle • coup • assassination • civil war • vulnerability to attack  possibly a complete takeover, conquest • decline and suffering  possibly a complete collapse 11 11

12. What types of governments have a peaceful transfer of power? What factors can complicate the transfer of power? lack of lack of • employment • legitimate authority lack of lack of • common identity • equity 12 12

13. Religious Demographics What are examples of different religious sects? Map of Religious Sects in Lebanon According to the pie chart, what percentage of Lebanon’s population is Muslim and what percentage is Christian? …Yes, you’re right! You have to know something about Muslims and Christians to understand and respond to this question. Lebanon Religious demographics in Lebanon 13 13 Lebanon in regional context

14. Religious Demographics World’s major religions & sects of major religions Professors and groups that study religion usually distinguish five major religions. This list includes followers of the world’s five major religions and also five sects that are part of some of these religions.  Divide the list into the two columns. Followers: • Buddhists • Catholics • Christians • Hindus • Jews • Mormons • Muslims • Protestants • Shiites • Sunnis The World’s 5 Major Religions Religious Sects Buddhists  Christian  Christian  Christian  Muslim  Muslim Catholics Protestants Mormons Shiites Sunnis Jews Christians Muslims Hindus Buddhists  Judaism  Christianity  Islam  Hinduism  Buddhism Christians Hindus Jews Muslims 14 14

15. Birth of the World’s Five Major Religions Today’s Major Religions Other Belief Systems polytheism gods of nature Sumer Egypt 3500 BCE 4000 BCE 3000 BCE Mesopotamia …Rise of City-States Fourth Millennium BCE India Harappans 2000 BCE 2500 BCE 3000 BCE Third Millennium BCE China ancestor worship Hebrews monotheism Shang Dynasty Judaism Greece Vedism Aryans Mesopotamia Babylon Brahmanism / Vedas Kush Hammurabi’s Code c. 1772 BCE India Abraham, c. 1950 BCE Hinduism 2000 BCE 1000 BCE 1500 BCE Second Millennium BCE China Daoism Legalism Laozi, late 500s BCE Confucianism Hanfeizi, 280–233 BCE Confucius, 551–479 BCE Persia Greece Zoroastrianism Stoicism Democracy Zoroaster, 660–583 BCE Zeno of Citium, 332–262 BCE Pericles, 495–429 BCE India Buddhism Rome Siddhartha Gautama, 563–483 BCE 1000 BCE 1 BCE 500 BCE First Millennium BCE Arabia Palestine Christianity Islam Jesus Christ, c. 1–33 CE Muhammad, 570–632 CE 15 15 1 CE 1000 CE 500 CE First Millennium

16. Birth of the World’s Five Major Religions Today’s Major Religions Other Belief Systems gods of nature 3500 BCE 4000 BCE 3000 BCE Fourth Millennium BCE 2000 BCE 2500 BCE 3000 BCE Third Millennium BCE ancestor worship Vedism Brahmanism / Vedas Hammurabi’s Code c. 1772 BCE Judaism Hinduism 2000 BCE 1000 BCE 1500 BCE Second Millennium BCE Daoism Confucianism Legalism Zoroastrianism Democracy Stoicism Buddhism 1000 BCE 1 BCE 500 BCE First Millennium BCE Christianity Islam 1 CE 1000 500 First Millennium 1000 2000 1500 Second Millennium You Are Here 16 16 2000 3000 2500 Third Millennium

17. Religious Demographics As this pie chart indicates, there are five “major religions” in the world: Judaism (Jews) Christianity (Christians) Islam (Muslims) Hinduism (Hindus) Buddhism (Buddhists) Living as Majorities and Minorities Nearly three-quarters (73%) of the world’s people live in countries in which their religious group makes up a majority of the population. Only about a quarter (27%) of all people live as religious minorities. (This figure does not include subgroups of the eight major groups in this study, such as Shia Muslims living in Sunni-majority countries or Catholics living in Protestant-majority countries.) Overwhelmingly, Hindus and Christians tend to live in countries where they are in the majority. 17 17

18. Religious Demographics According to this list, what percentage of Americans are Christian? Religions in the U.S. Religions in the U.S. CIA World Factbook CIA World Factbook 51.3% Protestant 23.9% Roman Catholic 1.7% Mormon 1.6% other Christian 78.5% Christian 1.7% Jewish .7% Buddhist .6% Muslim 2.5% other or unspecified 12.1% unaffiliated 4.0% none 51.3% Protestant 23.9% Roman Catholic 1.7% Mormon 1.6% other Christian 1.7% Jewish .7% Buddhist .6% Muslim 2.5% other or unspecified 12.1% unaffiliated 4.0% none Almost 80% of Americans are Christian. Source: CIA World Factbook, United States, People and Society, Religion (2007 est) https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html -- accessed Sept 7, 2014 18 18

19. Religious Demographics What does this map say about religious diversity in the US? All of these colors indicate Christian faiths. 19 19

20. Religious Demographics Is there any significance of the color spectrum used for this map? 20 20

21. Religious Demographics What are examples of different religious sects? Map of Religious Sects in Lebanon According to the pie chart, what percentage of Lebanon’s population is Muslim and what percentage is Christian? Christian Faith 16% Maronite 9% Other Christians 25% Christians Islamic Faith 41% Shia 27% Sunni 68% Muslim The Druze faith is a blend of several religions and is often distinguished as its own religion. Put this way, does Lebanon appear to have less diversity of religion? Religious demographics in Lebanon 21 21

22. Religious Demographics The US is predominantly Christian. Which countries are predominantly Muslim? 22 22

23. Religious Demographics 1.57 6.80 = 23% Muslims make up 23% percent of the world’s population. People of the Islamic faith constitute slightly less than a quarter of the world’s population. According to this data from the Pew Research Center, what percentage of the world population in Muslim? 23 23

24. Religious Demographics Another view of Muslim Populations Which of these countries are considered Arab countries? 24 24

25. Ethnic Demographics Arab Countries Compared to the previous map of Muslim countries, name three non-Arab countries that are predominantly Muslim. 25 25

26. Religious Demographics Another view of Muslim Populations Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan are examples of non-Arab countries that are predominantly Muslim. 26 26

27. Identity Who was ibn batTuta? Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan explorer who traveled extensively throughout the known world. His accounts of his exploits were published in a book known simply as Journey. His travels lasted three decades, during which he visited many parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. In all, he covered a distance about three times as great as Marco Polo, who lived at about the same time. As such, Ibn Battuta is considered one of the great explorers of the medieval period. Ibn Battuta, 1304–1368 “famous Muslim traveler” “Moroccan explorer of Berber descent” “legal scholar who served as a judge” 27 27

28. Identity Who was ibn batTuta? Ibn Battuta ▪ Moroccan ▪ Berber ▪ Muslim ▪ explorer ▪ judge religion Muslim role judge nationality Moroccan other ethnicity explorer Berber 28 28

29. Identity Who was ibn battuta? What groups did he belong to? Berber, Muslim, explorer, Moroccan,judge 29 29

30. Identity Who was ibn battuta? What groups did he belong to? Berber, Muslim, explorer, Moroccan,judge 30 30

31. Identity Who are you? What groups do you belong to? 31 31

32. Identity religion role nationality hobby ethnicity Who are you? 32 32

33. What has been happening in Syria in the last 3½ years? Arab Spring – 2011 March 2011: Protestors take to the street demanding democratic reforms and the release of some teenagers, who had been imprisoned and tortured for having drawn Arab Spring inspired anti-political graffiti. democratic reforms teenagers anti-political graffiti Death Toll in Syria Estimated at 191,000 August 22, 2014 The Historic Scale of Syria’s Refugee Crisis The Syrian refugee crisis has exploded from about 270,000 people a year ago to today’s tally of more than two million who have fled the country. The pace of the diaspora has been characterized by the United Nations as the worst since the Rwandan genocide in 1994. In addition, an estimated 4.25 million Syrians have been displaced within their country, bringing the total number forced into flight to more than six million. Men help a wounded boy who survived what activists say was an airstrike by forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad in the Duma neighbourhood of Damascus –Reuters Syria Conflict Timeline: 34 Months of Civil War Jan 22, 2014 33 33

34. Why Sunnis and Shiites are fighting… The divide between the Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam is both ancient and still highly consequential today. In Syria, a Sunni-majority country dominated by members of a Shiite sect, fighting that began as anti-government has taken on sectarian overtones. That has spilled over to Iraq, which is Shiite-majority and has a predominantly Shiite government but is increasingly troubled by Sunni rebels. And the region's major powers have long pushed sectarian interests, with Shiite-majority Iran on one side and Sunni-majority Saudi Arabia on the other. Jan 22, 2014 34 34

35. Organize information then infer and relate factors factors “After Muhammad died, several groups fought for control of the Muslim world. In 661, the Umayyad family won this power struggle.” p 113 Inference Exercise Umayyad power struggle “In less than 100 years, their empire spanned parts of …Asia, Africa, and Europe.” empire • at first, hit-and-run raids • organized campaigns for conquest raids campaigns “As a result, leaders needed to take steps to unite and govern the many peoples of this far-flung empire.” p 114 govern unite As a result leadership • bureaucracy based on Byzantine Empire • Arabic as common language of government • coinage order p 115 stability language p 113 Source: World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times, McDougal Littell, 2006, pages 113 –115. Chapter 4: The Rise of Muslim States, Lesson 1: The Expansion of Muslim Rule

36. Four Worlds of History a project of the Center for Active Learning in International Studies UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Four Worlds analytical framework developed by Steven Lamy, Professor of International Relations, USC Four Worlds of History adapted by Teresa Hudock, Director, and Sandy Line, Associate CALIS, USC

37. Four Worlds of History Center for Active Learning in International Studies School of International Relations UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA For more information, contact: Teresa Hudock calis@usc.edu 213-740-7794 Classroom materials are available free online at dornsife.usc.edu/calis