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Rome: From Republic to Empire

Rome: From Republic to Empire. Dawson College. Ancient Rome. Roman Republic Roman Empire. Ancient Rome. Rome. Timeline. 509 BCE Republic of Rome formed 431-404 BCE Peloponnesian War 338 BCE Philip of Macedon conquers Greece 323 BCE Death of Alexander the Great

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Rome: From Republic to Empire

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  1. Rome: From Republic to Empire Dawson College

  2. Ancient Rome • Roman Republic • Roman Empire

  3. Ancient Rome • Rome

  4. Timeline • 509 BCE Republic of Rome formed • 431-404 BCE Peloponnesian War • 338 BCE Philip of Macedon conquers Greece • 323 BCE Death of Alexander the Great • 287 BCE End of the Struggle of the Orders • 264-202 BCE Punic Wars • 46-44 BCE Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and death • 27 BCE Caesar Augustus first Emperor of Rome

  5. Social Class • Patricians: wealthy landowners • Plebians: common people

  6. The Republic, 509 B.C.E. 1. Constitution: unwritten laws & customs 2. Consuls: two, with imperium, elected for one year; led army, performed religious duties, acted as judges; powers legally limited • quaestors • praetor • censor

  7. The Republic (cont.) 3. Senate: only continuous deliberative body; made up of prominent patricians; gained control of finances & foreign policy 4. Assembly: early Republic had centuriate assembly—army acting in a political capacity; basic unit was century

  8. Struggle of the Orders • Plebians want: • Real political representation • Protection against patrician domination • Plebian power based on: Army • General strike

  9. Results • Codification and publication of laws – Law of the 12 Tables (450) • Intermarriage b/w Plebs and Pats • Tribunes • One consul always Pleb • 287 BCE -- All citizens share equally under the law!

  10. Law of the Twelve Tables • "Quickly kill ... a dreadfully deformed child. • A child born ten months after the father's death will not be admitted into a legal inheritance. • Females shall remain in guardianship even when they have attained their majority ... except Vestal Virgins. • Persons shall mend roadways. If they do not keep them laid with stone, a person shall drive his beasts where he wishes. • It is permitted to gather fruit falling down on another man's farm. • If any person has sung or composed against another person a song such as was causing slander or insult to another, he shall be clubbed to death. • If a person has maimed another's limb, let there be retaliation in kind unless he makes agreement for settlement with him. • Intermarriage shall not take place between plebeians and patricians...

  11. Roman Expansion • Italy • Carthage • Hellenistic World **Harshest treatment for Iberian regions

  12. Carthage

  13. Punic Wars (Carthage vs. Rome)

  14. Roman Expansion • Italy • Carthage • Hellenistic World **Harshest treatment for Iberian regions

  15. Life in Republic of Rome • Old vs. New • Religion • Life in the city • Role of women http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TVgInLlYF-0 • Role of Slaves http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwKeq9nWsfI • Other changes

  16. Religion Greek Roman

  17. Republic is Breaking Down… • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus • C. Marius • Sulla

  18. First Triumvirate • Pompey: enormously successful & popular general given wide powers • Crassus: given command of most of Italy to put down slave rebellion led by Spartacus • Julius Caesar (100–44 B.C.E.): as young politician, allied with Crassus to build military command & following

  19. Julius Caesar • elected consul, 59 B.C.E • Caesar conquers Gaul, Pompey seizes power in his absence • 49 B.C.E.: Caesar told to give up his command • Caesar marches into Rome • March 15, 44 B.C.E.: Caesar assassinated by senatorial conspiracy led by Cassius & Brutus

  20. Rome in 44 BCE

  21. Octavian • Caesar named grand-nephew Gaius Octavius (63–14 B.C.E.) his successor; comes to be called Octavian • Second Triumvirate, 43 B.C.E.: Octavian, Mark Antony, & Aemilius Lepidus—took control of Rome and given near-dictatorial powers • Octavian gets West: • Antony gets East • Lepidus gets Africa • Antony & Octavian fall out • Battle of Actium, 31 B.C.E.: Octavian’s forces victorious, Antony & Cleopatra commit suicide; Octavian master of Mediterranean world

  22. Roman Empire Octavian’s rule • Army • Wealth • Learned from Uncle Julius • Careful steps in taking power • Princeps • “Augustus”

  23. Pax Romana(27 BCE- 180 C.E.) • Peace of Rome • Infrastructure building • Institution building • Morality and Religion • Literature • Architectural

  24. The Emperors • Some incompetent, some competent but Pax Romana stays • “Good Emperors” • Nerva (96-98) • Trajan • Hadrian • Antoninus Pius • Marcus Aurelius

  25. Roman Empire to 117 CE

  26. Christianity • Jesus of Nazereth • Paul (Saul of Tarsus) • Creation of Church • Apostolic Succession

  27. Jesus of Nazareth

  28. Spread of Christianity

  29. Fall of Rome • Barbarian invasions • Economic Challenges • Social Order • Role of Army

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