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Bacteria & Viruses

Objective 4.03 Assess, describe, & explain adaptations affecting survival & reproductive success in disease-causing viruses & microorganisms. Bacteria & Viruses. Biology. 2 Bacteria Kingdoms. Archaebacteria Harsh environment High temperatures High salinity Acidic. Eubacteria

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Bacteria & Viruses

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  1. Objective 4.03 Assess, describe, & explain adaptations affecting survival & reproductive success in disease-causing viruses & microorganisms. Bacteria & Viruses Biology

  2. 2 Bacteria Kingdoms • Archaebacteria • Harsh environment • High temperatures • High salinity • Acidic • Eubacteria • Everywhere else

  3. General Structure of Bacteria •  Prokaryotic • No nucleus or membrane bound organelles • Lots of ribosomes • Thick cell wall • Circular chromosomes (DNA) • Reproduce by binary fission • Asexual reproduction • Makes an exact copy

  4. Binary Fission

  5. Bacteria…Good, Bad or Both? • Bacteria is good! • food (yogurt) • medicines (insulin) • recycles nutrients • decompose • nitrogen fixation • Bacteria is bad! • Decay/rot food • Rot teeth • Cause disease/ infections (strep throat) • Antibiotics are used to clear up bacterial infections.

  6. Viruses • Considered to be nonliving because it cannot reproduce on its own • General Structure • Protein coat on the outside • Nucleic acid on the inside (DNA or RNA)

  7. Examples of Viruses • Influenza- the flu • HIV- AIDS • Varicella- chicken pox & shingles • Polio virus- polio • Rubella or measles- measles • Rhinovirus- cold

  8. Reproductive Cycles Lytic Cycle • Virus DNA enters the host cell • Hijacks host to make DNA and protein • Puts virus together • Cell bursts and releases virus • Virus is active: OUTBREAK!

  9. Reproductive Cycles Lysogenic Cycle • Very similar to lytic cycle • Virus DNA is integrated into host cell • Cell eventually ruptures with new virus after several generations • Virus is dormant: HIDDEN!

  10. Our Immune System • Responsible for protecting the body from disease

  11. Lines of Defense • 1st line: skin • Acts as a barrier • 2nd line: cells release chemicals • blood flow to invaded region increases • white blood cells attack the invaders. • 3rd line: Involves attacking pathogens • macrophages • B cells • T cells

  12. Types of Immunity • Active Immunity • Exposed to disease • Develop disease and become immune • Longer lasting • Passive Immunity • Injected with antibody that another organism made • Not permanent Vaccinations are given to induce artificial immunity

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