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WHY WERE CLICKERS INVENTED?. 1972—Consensor—Bill Simmons – retired IBM Executive. A need to access, evaluate, and extend classroom activities. A need for students to be active participants in their learning/lesson. Benefits of Clickers. Improve attentiveness Increase knowledge retention
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WHY WERE CLICKERS INVENTED? • 1972—Consensor—Bill Simmons – retired IBM Executive. • A need to access, evaluate, and extend classroom activities. • A need for students to be active participants in their learning/lesson.
Benefits of Clickers • Improve attentiveness • Increase knowledge retention • Poll anonymously • Track individual responses • Display polling results immediately • Create an interactive and fun learning environment • Confirm audience understanding of key points immediately • Gather data for reporting and analysis
DEVELOPMENT • 1966 Hollywood used clickers to poll audiences • Late 1960’s IBM used them for interactive board meetings. • Rice College was one of the first colleges to use Audio response systems. • Today’s use in K-12 classrooms
COMMERCIALIZATION • Production • Manufacturing • Packaging and Marketing • Distribution
REASONS forPRODUCTION and MANUFACTURING • Improve Attentiveness • Increase Knowledge Retention • Poll Anonymously • Track Individual Responses • Display Polling Results Immediately • Create an Interactive and Fun Learning Environment • Confirm Audience Understanding of Key Points Immediately • Gather Data for Reporting and Analysis
PLACES CLICKERS ARE USED • Education • Corporate Training • Control Self-Assessment • Delegate Voting • Marketing Research • Decision Support • Game Shows (Audience Response) • Conferences and Events • Executive Decision Making • Continuing Medical Education
PACKAGING and MARKETING • Easy to store system • Typically sold as classroom sets • Software with a variety of functions. • Test generator • Prepackaged power point lessons • Data analysis charts and graphs • Grade book programs
DISTRIBUTION • Internet • eInstruction • SMART Student Response System • IRespond
I know that the “clickers” began being used in 1960. However, I can’t find any data for their diffusion. • Colleges started using them in 1998
Adopters of Student Response Systems • Innovators and Early Adopters • New Teachers –eager to try new things • Technology Savvy Teachers—always eager for new technology. • Assessment Oriented teachers—always looking for now ways to assess students’ knowledge. • Relative Advantage • Compatibility • Laggards • Veteran Teachers—teachers set in their ways • Non-tech Teachers—teachers who are uncomfortable with technology. • Relative Advantage • Complexity • Trial ability • Perceived attributes to help clickers meet critical mass • Relative Advantage • Trial Ability
Approach • Decentralized approach would work best for the adoption of the Student Response system. • Peer Networking • Professional Development and Training • Technical Support within each building. • How will the change Agent introduce the Student Response Systems? • Present the reason for change • Create a network of peer support • Determine why SRS are better than the system currently used • Motivate teacher interest in SRS • Work with teacher leaders to create near-peer networks • Continually reinforce the positive aspects of the SRS • Develop the confidence in other teachers so they can promote the use of SRS
What Will Clickers Do For Us? • Active learning activities • Formative assessments • Instant feedback • Graphical representation of data
References • Clickers on Wikipedia • Consensor and ComTec History • IBM Study Proves Use of Student Response Systems Increases Attentiveness • The Features and Potential of Interactive Response System