CAPRI-Training Session 2004/II GHG Emission Accounting according to the IPCC Guidelines

1. CAPRI-Training Session 2004/IIGHG Emission Accounting according to the IPCC Guidelines Ignacio Pérez, University Bonn

2. Program • National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (NGGIs) • Agricultural sources • Data issues • Activity Data (COCO) • Emission Factors (IPCC Accounting) • Construction of NGGIs in CAPRI • Consistency issues • Regionalization of data • Implementation in CAPRI • Work Forthcoming

3. NGGIs • In 2000 the Secretariat of the UNFCCC (???) adopted the general reporting guidelines on annual inventories for Annex I countries (FCCC/CP/1999/7), due by 15. April each year beginning in year 2000. • In 2002 these guidelines were revised (FCCC/CP/2002/8), beginning in year 2004 • Comprehended are GHG gases not regulated by the Montreal Protocol (ozone polluting substances) • Several sectors are affected: energy, industrial processes, solvent and other product use, agriculture, LUCF (land use change ?), and waste

4. NGGIs • Gas emissions are measured in tons • These can be weighted depending on their radioactive effect in the atmosphere (with respect to a reference gas, CO2), the so-called “Global Warming Potential (GWP)”

5. NGGIs • The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) was established in 1988 by the UNEP and WMO “The role of the IPCC is to assess the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation” • The Task Force on National GHG Inventories (TFI) was established in 1998 by the IPCC with the following objectives: • to develop and refine an internationally-agreed methodology and software for the calculation and reporting of GHG emissions • to encourage the widespread use of this methodology by countries participating in the IPCC

6. Agricultural Sources • In agriculture methane and nitrous oxide are the most relevant GHGs • Several sources are covered by the inventories for the agricultural sector: • Enteric Fermentation (from ruminants) • Manure Management (from animal production) • Rice Cultivation • Agricultural Soils (nitrogen fixation, atmospheric deposition, nitrogen losses from fertilizer application) • Prescribed Burning of Savannas • Field Burning of Agricultural Residues • Other indirect sources, such as machinery use and fertilizer production are accounted in other sectors

7. Data Issues • Inventory Data are required to be transparent, accurate, consistent, comparable and complete • For its calculation activity data and emission factors are needed • For Europe, activity data can be obtained from EUROSTAT • In order to obtain emission factors, the IPCC published for the first time in 1997 ‘Accounting Rules’ which are periodically reviewed. • IPCC emission factors are calculated for single pollution sources and are applied with the help of different sectoral and regional parameters • The complexity of NGGIs calculation might vary depending on the availability of data

8. Data for Agriculture • Activity Data from EUROSTAT • In COCO consistent and complete set of data • Emission Factors from IPCC (guidelines) • Generally 2 different Tier Methods (1 and 2) (depending on activity information) • In CAPRI Tier 2 implemented in most of the cases • Additional data on prices, tariffs, …, from other data bases (FAO, OECD)  necessary for the price mechanism

9. Construction of NGGIs in CAPRI • Agricultural sources of GHG in CAPRI are sources of: • carbon dioxide (2) • methane (3) • all sources of nitrogen, through conversion to nitrous oxide (7) • Consistency issues: • fodder and animal activities are interlinked at a regional level • emissions are distributed across activities (closed system) • Regionalisation issues: • Different climates (at the moment only averages) and management systems) • REGIO activity data

10. Implementation in CAPRI (1) Methane Emissions from Enteric Fermentation • GE is gross energy need, and is calculated for each animal type (j), energy class used (e) and digestability index (DE) ??? • A regional parameter (r) is included in the model, through fodder availability

11. Implementation in CAPRI (2) Methane Emissions from Manure Management • VSER is the daily volatile solid excretion rate on a dry-matter basis, and depends on ash content in manure and digestability • Emissions are differentiated according to the MS average temperature (cold, temperate and warm regions)

12. Implementation in CAPRI (3) Methane Emissions from Rice Production • Rice production is not an important source of emissions in Europe. • Just data for Spain, Greece and Italy

13. Implementation in CAPRI (4) Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Manure Management • Differen manure management types (regional differentiated) and climates (warm and temperate regions) • Data from JRC, IPCC

14. Implementation in CAPRI (5) Nitrous oxide and Carbon Dioxide emissions from fertilizer application • Own analysis on emission coefficients • Not included in the IPCC emission inventories for Agriculture

15. Implementation in CAPRI (6) Nitrous oxide emissions from crop residues • Data from JRC and IPCC • Minor source of emissions

16. Implementation in CAPRI (7) Nitrous oxide emissions from nitrogen-fixing crops • Pulses and grass activities included • Coefficients in fertpar.gms

17. Implementation in CAPRI (8) Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from atmospheric deposition • Data for different regions and uptake from different crops • Coefficients in fertpar.gms

18. Implementation in CAPRI (8) Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from atmospheric deposition • Data for different regions and uptake from different crops • Coefficients in fertpar.gms

19. Work Forthcoming • Comparison of national inventories with the CAPRI results • Analysis of results with different IPCC methodologies (sensitivity analysis) • Addition of new parameters (climate, soil types, …) • Calculation of new emission sources (e.g. CO2 from diesel combustion at a disaggregated level)

20. Thanks for your attention !!!