C limate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

2. Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management Module 4

3. Climate Change, Land use Planning and Integrated Urban Water Management Sub-module 2

4. Outline of lecture 2.0 Course Objectives and Learning Objectives 2.1 Urban water governance 2.1.1 Requirements for Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) 2.1.2 The role of governments, utility companies and local communities 2.2 Institutional and regulatory response of urban water 2.2.1 Climate change and integrated land use planning (LUP) 2.2.2 Climate change and strategic planning for integrated urban water management Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

5. Course Objectives Strategic land use planning & integrated urban water governance in the light of climate change. • Examine requirements for integrated urban water management and the role of different stakeholders in Land Use Planning (LUP) & Infrastructure Urban Water Management. • Determine how urban water is currently managed. • Demonstrate the importance of public participation, education and research for incorporation of IUWM in LUP and other programs with common objectives. • Examines the institutional and regulatory tools to achieve urban water management in line with UN- MDG. • To indentify LUP attributes required in the face of Urban Water Challenges. • To understand policies for implementation/integration of CC into Land Use Planning. Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

6. Learning Outcomes Students will be able to: • Understand urban water governance & management • Understand the role of stakeholders • Understand the regulatory tools • Identify climate attributes relevant to land use planning (Spatial Planning) • Understand the significance of an integrated approach to urban water cycle management Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

7. UrbanWater Governance Requirements for Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) • Two main impacts of projected climate change envisaged: • Lack of access to safe water and sanitation • Increasing water related disasters (floods, drought) • The regional/local impacts depend on some factors: geography, density, climate variability, severity, etc… • Possible consequences: on humans and economic growth and development. • Protection and mitigation hierarchy should be considered to: • Avoid impact. • Minimize impact. Increasing difficulty and cost • Mitigate or compensate impact • (restore, enhance, create new) Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

8. Climate Change and Water Governance Main citiesfacingfloods Main citiesfacingdrought www.lemondediplomatique.com www.lemondediplomatique.com http://www.caritas.org http://www.int worldviewofglobalwarming.org Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

9. What is happening? • Climate information is not systematically integrated to LUP process • Theory and practices are not always in place • Institutional issues and failure are major challenges to implementation • Present institutional system more consistent with past knowledge than present • Institutional rules and behaviors should be changed • Without institutional change little will be achieved Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

10. What should be done? • Need for an adaptive approach and creative institutional arrangements • Institutionalize sustainability as a social concern across all fields of public policy • Link IUWM to LUP and official plans to obtain: • Connections among water, land and related resources. • Integration management of water and land • Interrelation between IUWM and LUP at strategic and operational levels • Implication for the design of institutions arrangement Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

11. Challenges FacingCities • LOW STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVEMENT • VARIETY OF INSTITUTIONS EQUITY AND RIGHT TO WATER, SANITATION AND SAFE ENVIRONEMENT • DIFFICULTY TO TAKE THE BEST STRATEGIC DECISION • INCOMPATIBILITY OF NATIONAL AND SUPRA NATIONAL LEGISLATION • DIFFICULTY TO MAINTAIN A STRONG RELATION BETWEEN LUP AND IUWM • DIFFICULTY TO ENHANCE SYNERGY BETWEEN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH Reform is required and should concern existing arrangements Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

12. Summary of Integrated Urban Water Management • All parts of the water cycle to be considered as an integrated system; • All dimensions of sustainability to be balanced; • All stakeholders including all water users to be involved; • All water uses to be taken into account; and • All specifics of the local context to be addressed.( Based on Mitchell 2004). Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

13. Integrated Urban Water Management OBJECTIVES http://waterbydesign.com.au Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

14. IUWM - Strategic Planning And GovernanceProcess To have a statutory basis IUWM has to be incorporated into the whole strategic planning, managing and governance of cities to take advantage of synergies provided by coordination of diverse initiatives and to obtain credibility. Urban Water Cycle Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

15. Strategic approach • Best strategy should be selective and linked to reforms • Should not be reactive or proactive but integrative • Comprehensive approachat strategic level, integrative approachat tactical and operational levels • Climate considerations have to be incorporated within laws applicable to IUWM and LUP • To target reform, efforts and investments should be prioritized • Integrate science, planning, policy and politicsat ecosystem and catchment levels Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

16. The Role Of Government, Utility CompaniesAnd Local Communities Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

17. Role of the State • Climate change may provide advantages and opportunities • Hence cities should invest through a new governanceparadigm • Decision may occur at national level guiding local implementation. • State government should standardize mainLUP and IUWM principles • States and regional governments should guide and regulate LUP principles • Policies and purposive action could influence institutional change Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

18. Role of the State: Strategic measures • Climate change: combine mitigation, adaptation and recommend working at the local level • Local action must be initiated in a national perspective • Country level action must be done in a regional perspective • IUWM and LUP should be people-centered and decentralized • Larger scale guidessmaller-scale planning and implementation efforts • More local participation should be targeted Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

19. Role of Utility Companies/Agencies • Design and implement a holistic approach to climate change adaptation • Include demand, supply, mandatory and voluntary measures • Campaigns: Education and sensitization • Proactive planning and synergies with other agencies • Develop climate change policy and implementation plan • Invest in climate change –urban water research & monitoring Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

20. InstitutionalAnd RegulatoryResponses of Urban Water to Climate Change. Climate Change and Integrated Land Use Planning • LUP evolved from a profession applied to urban form • LUP must incorporate longer term practices into existing planning process. • LUP for IUWM should contribute to water cycle protection and conservation • Strategic LUP is a continuous management process (15 to 40 years) • The hydrological basin: the appropriate spatial unit for sustainable LUP • Watershed/catchment : geographical boundary for planning/managing water resources Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

21. LUP regulatory and non regulatory tools • Successful programs take advantage of the synergies • LUP refers to regulatory tools and non regulatory tools • Regulations may not change over time, not enough for long term goals • Should be supplemented with non regulatory tools • Regulatory tools consist among others: • Zoning regulations • Site plan regulations • Subdivisions (protected areas, infrastructures, ..) • Planned unit development • Official map • Non regulatory tools include among others: • Landowner incentive • Assistance programs Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

22. Governance Paradigm and Climate Change Zoning Site Plan Regulations Subdivisions Regulatory Tools LandownerIncentive Assistance Programs Non egulatoryTools A new governance paradigm to help cities to make use of the advantages and opportunities from some potential climate change impacts; State government has to standardize main principles of LUP and IUWM. Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

23. Climate change and strategic planning for integrated urban water management • IUWM: Since 1992, does not have a statutory basis • Hence has/can lead to implementation challenges • IUWM considers water as: • a sophisticated cycle not a simple water circulation: • an integral part of the ecosystem • a natural resource • a social and economic good • IUWM concerns: • Water supply system • Wastewater system • Stormwater system Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

24. Main Objectives of IUWM • Main objectives of IUWM aim to guarantee: • Sustainable water supply • Hygiene • Water quality • Improved quality of the living environment • Security of the living environment from flooding • Among others, best practices include: • Rainwater control • Effective water utilization • Environmental improvement. Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

25. InstitutionalArrangements Climate considerations have to be incorporated within laws applicable to IUWM and LUP at all levels. Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

26. Incorporating LUP and IUWM • LUP and IUWM may interact with one another • Priority themes : governance, environmental planning and management, water management, urban planning • IUWM and LUP must be supported by a set of policies • Develop and improve existing structures through alternative approaches and tools. • LUP Strategy for IUWM should identify hydrological system and components, dynamic relationships among • Watershed management: team with other programs with common and compatible objectives Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

27. Strategic planning principles • IUWM should be incorporated into the entire strategic planning, managing and governance of cities • Integrate IUWM, LUP and Landscape design • Long-term: 50 to 100 years to meet IUWM objectives • Urban water cycle: Includes water supply management and water excess management • Planning regulations needed at different levels of decision making • Institutional arrangements at different watershed scales should be complementary Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

28. Key Reading List • * BARKER Ian and Amanda TURNER, Integrated land use and water management, in Irrigation and Drainage, Vol.60, n°1-2011, pp 27-34. • *BRUCE Mitchell, Integrated water resources management, institutional arrangements and land use planning, in Environment and Planning, Vol.37-A, 2005, pp 1335-1352. • *CRAINE Lyie E., Water management and urban planning, in AJPH, Vol 51. N°3, pp 427-433. • *DOVERS Steve, Urban Water: Policy, institutions and government, in Troubled waters: Confronting the water crisis in Australian’s cities, Chap.5, pp 81-98, Ed. Patrick Troy, 2008. • *ELIASSON Ingegard, The use of climate knowledge in urban planning, in Landscape and urban Planning, Vol 48, Issue 1-2, 20 April 2000, pp 31-44. Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

29. Key Reading List *HARTJE Volkmar, International dimensions of Integrated Water Resource Management, Working paper in Environmental planning 03/2002, 30 p. *IMBE M. and al, Methodological approach to improve the hydrological water cycle in urbanized areas, in NOVATECH 95, pp 37-43. *UNESCO-IHP, Integrated urban water management: arid and semi-arid regions, Urban Water Series, 2009, 228p. *XIE Mei, Integrated water resources management (IWRM) – Introduction to principles and practices, World Bank Institute, Oct.13, 2006, 15p. Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

30. List Case Study 1: Cities Particularly Vulnerable to Climate Change, the Case of Singapore • Located 1018’N 103051’E, has a tropical rainforest climate • Average daytime temperature 31oC hardly below 24oC at night • Average annual rainfall is 2400 mm, monthly average 150 - 270 mm • Monthly rainfall controlled by the monsoon seasons • Hence problems often encountered: • Flooding • Stream erosion • Sedimentation • Water quality Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

31. Current Floods: Implications for Projected Climate Change • Flash floods in 2009 resulted in urban flooding • Exposed the low capacity of storm water drainage • Expected to worsen with projected climate change • Drinking water a problem, heavily imports from Malaysia • Sustainable urban water management must address this need Source: Singapore’s Active Beautiful Clean (ABC) Design Guidelines, Catchment Master Water plan and the Singapore Green Plan 2012) Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

32. Suggested Water Management Practices, Singapore • Desalinization plants • Waste water recycling • Increase of water supply catchments through: • Rainwater harvesting • Channeling • Storage in reservoirs Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

33. Case Study 2: Coastal Cities and Cities in River Deltas, the case of Douala, Cameroon – Roger Tchangang, CLUVA • Douala, largest city in Cameroon's Littoral Region • Located on the banks of River Wouri • 30 km from the Atlantic Ocean • Average annual rainfall 4000 mm • Average rainy days: 180 in heavy rainy season (June-September) • Low lying, flat topography, population ~ 2,400,000 inhabitants Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

34. Vulnerability to Projected Climate Change • Uncontrolled settlements in areas vulnerable to floods • 29% of homes, wooden structures – little protection to climatic hazards • Most areas are floodable compounded by landslides & erosion • Heavy rainfall with climate change will exacerbate current situation • Drains and storm water will clog • Sea-level rise will increase floodable area, infrastructures & properties Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

35. Urban Vulnerabilities • 9 flood events recorded between 1990 and 2009 • All during the rainy month of June-August Source: Roger Tchangang, CLUVA, 2011 Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

36. Governance and Climate Change Mitigation • Local government clearance of storm water drains • Removal of settlements close to floodable drains/storm water • Policy implementation through a participatory approach • Sensitization and education of all social actors • On-going improved governance through modern urban planning tools Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

37. Suggestions for Practical work – Student-led learning Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

38. Suggestion for Case Studies-Trainer-led Every trainer to choose case studies appropriate to their local Area Climate Change And Urban Water Cycle Management

39. Rosemary Awuor-Hayangah (Ph.D) Njoya Silas Ngetar (Ph.D) Nikolai Bobylev (Ph.D) NadjetAroua (Ph.D) KhatanbaatarAltantuul (Ph.D) For more information, visit: www.unhabitat.org/UNI